query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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First class judicial magistrate can give punishment upto | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3 years Powers of Magistrate's (Sec. 29 CrPC)ClassImprisonmentFineChief judicial magistrateUpto 7 yearsAny amount1st class magistrateUpto 3 years5000 Rs.2nd class magistrateUpto 1 years1000 Rs. | 160,800 | medmcqa_train |
Which statement is false about allosteric regulation? | Allosteric regulation is usually the mode of regulation for the first step in reaction pathways. Allosteric modulators can be activators or inhibitors.They bind non-covalently at allosteric/regulatory site. By binding at allosteric site, they induce changes in the active site, where substrate binds and they modulate th... | 160,801 | medmcqa_train |
Most common part of spine affected by Rheumatoid arthritis is? | Ans. (c) Cervical spineRef.'.MR Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord by DetlevUhlenbrock p-375, Orthopedic surgery essentials- Spine by Christopher M. Bono, Steven R. Garfin p-188 | 160,802 | medmcqa_train |
In treatment of osteosarcoma, all of the following are used EXCEPT: | Methotrexate (Mtx): It is one of the oldest and highly efficacious antineoplastic drugs; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFRase)-blocking the conversion of dihydrofolic acid (DHFA) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) which is an essential coenzyme required for one carbon transfer reactions in de novo purine synthesis and... | 160,803 | medmcqa_train |
Lowering of the following parameter indicates acute malnutrition: | Low weight for height: This is also known as nutritional wasting or emaciation which is an indicator of acute malnutrition. It is associated with an increased risk of moality and morbidity. A child who is less than 70% of the expected weight-for-height is classed as severely wasted. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive a... | 160,804 | medmcqa_train |
Visible range of electromagnetic spectrum of human eye | Electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths approx. 400nm to 700nm, elicits a retinal response in human eye. | 160,805 | medmcqa_train |
A 20-year-old man presents with dysuria, urgency, and urethral discharge. Physical examination shows suppurative urethritis, with redness and swelling at the urethral meatus. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of urethritis in this patient? | Urethritis is the most common manifestation of sexually transmitted diseases in men, in whom it typically presents with urethral discharge. Both gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis have an acute onset and are related to recent sexual intercourse. The infection manifests with urethral discharge, typically purulent a... | 160,806 | medmcqa_train |
Cholesterol present in LDL | On accumulation in the cell inhibits replenishment of LDL receptors
If LDL cholesterol is increased inside the cell, it down regulates LDL receptors so that further uptake is inhibited.
HDL cholesterol is the cholesterol that is removed from peripheral tissues; LDL cholesterol represents the cholesterol which is to be... | 160,807 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug does not act on neuromuscular junction? | Ans. (B) Dantrolene(Ref: Katzung 13th/e p467-468)Dantrolene is a directly acting muscle relaxant. It does not act at neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular blockersDepolarisingNon-depolarisingSChTubocurarineAtracuriumCis-atracuriumMivacuriumPancuroniumVecuroniumPipecuronium | 160,808 | medmcqa_train |
Pernicious anemia associated with - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gastric Pathology Anemias of Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Pernicious Anemiao Pernicious anemia is a specific form of megaloblastic anemia caused bv an autoimmune gastritis that impairs the production of intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 uptake from the g ut.o Histologically, there is a ch... | 160,809 | medmcqa_train |
Feature of shock lung is? | Lungs due to dual blood supply are generally not affected by hypovolaemic shock but in septic shock, the morphologic changes in lungs are quite prominent termed as 'shock lung'.Grossly, the lungs are heavy and wet. Microscopically, changes in ARDS are seen. The changes include congestion, interstitial & alveolar edema,... | 160,810 | medmcqa_train |
Preferred imaging modality for choanal atresia is- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., CT SCAN CT SCAN in choanal atresiao CT SCAN in coronal and saggital projections provides a thorough evaluation of choanal atresia and adjescent structures.o The axial views supply fundamental information including site of obstruction, composition of atretic plate and unilateral or bilateral involvemen... | 160,811 | medmcqa_train |
Which has lowest incubation period | Ans. (b) InfluenzaRef: K. Park 23rd ed. /153DISEASECAUSATIVE ORGANISMINCUBATION PERIODMUMPSRNA Myxo Virus14 to 21 daysINFLUENZAOrthomyxo Virus18 to 72 hoursMEASLES (RUBEOLA)RNA Para myxo Virus10 to 14 daysCHICKEN POXHuman Herpes Virus 314 to 16 days | 160,812 | medmcqa_train |
Dimorphic fungus: | Ans. b. Histoplasma | 160,813 | medmcqa_train |
Irreversible injury is due to | Irreversible Injury: Defect in membrane function in general, and plasma membrane in particular, is the most important event in irreversible cell injury in ischaemia. Oxygen deprivation causes shift of calcium from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol. Increased level of calcium in the cytosol activat... | 160,814 | medmcqa_train |
Diffusion hypoxia is seen with which drug: | Ans. A. Nitrous oxideDiffusion hypoxia is side effect seen with nitrous oxide. It is seen when suddenly N2 O is stopped while recovering from anaesthesia. It can be prevented by supplying 100 percent O2 to the patient. | 160,815 | medmcqa_train |
Best management of open fracture is: | Ans: A (Debridement) Ref: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 11th editionExplanation:Management of Open FracturesThree components of open fracture management are:o Aggressive wound debridement.o Definitive fracture stabilization with internal or external fixation; and o Delayed wound closure.Of these wound debridement ... | 160,816 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following cells Contain organelles needed for the secretion of a proteinaceous product | Pancreatic acini - The secretory elements of the exocrine pancreas are long and tubular (but they are usually described as acini as they appear rounded or oval in sections). Their lumen is small. Secretory Cells - The cells lining the alveoli appear triangular in section, and have spherical nuclei located basally. In s... | 160,817 | medmcqa_train |
What is the narrowest pa of the respiratory tract in children? | The narrowest pa of the adult airway is the vocal cords In children, the narrowest pa is the cricoid cailage located in the subglottic area of the larynx. Ref: Internet | 160,818 | medmcqa_train |
Soil may act as a reservoir for all except- | The reservoir of infection of brucellosis:
Main reservoirs of human infection are cattle, sheep, goats, swine, buffaloes, horse and dogs
Cross infection can occur between animal species
The animals may remain infected for life. | 160,819 | medmcqa_train |
Which inhalational agent is best uterine relaxant? | ANSWER: (A) HalothaneREF: Synopsis of Anaesthesia p.168Best uterine relaxant is halothane followed by ether | 160,820 | medmcqa_train |
High or low fistula in ano are divided by which of the following | Anorectal ring is formed by internal anal spincter, external anal spincter and puborectalis muscle. | 160,821 | medmcqa_train |
The following statements concerning the abdominal part of the sympathetic trunk are not true except: | The abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk is situated in front of the vertebral column, along the medial margin of the Psoas major.
It consists usually of four lumbar ganglia, connected together by interganglionic cords. It is continuous above with the thoracic portion beneath the medial lumbocostal arch, and belo... | 160,822 | medmcqa_train |
A 75-year-old man is found by his internist to have an asymptomatic carotid bruit. The best initial diagnostic examination would be | Doppler ultrasonography (duplex) has become the best initial test for screening patients with carotid disease. It has become a highly accurate test, often obviating the need for carotid arteriography prior to carotid endarterectomy. Carotid arteriography remains the "gold standard" when quantifying the degree of caroti... | 160,823 | medmcqa_train |
A 46-year-old man presents with diffuse chest pain at rest and recent history of cough, fever and rhinor - rhea lasting for 3 days. | Ans. (a) Acute pericarditis.The tracing reveals sinus rhythm at approximately 75 beats/ min. The PR interval is prolonged to 200 milliseconds consistent with borderline first-degree AV block. The QRS axis and intervals are normal.ST elevations with concave upward morphology are seen in I and aVL, II and aVF, and V2 thr... | 160,824 | medmcqa_train |
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic agent means it produces lack of reflex response to skin incision in____ of subjects. | Ans. b (50%). (Ref. Shorttext book, Anaesthesia, 2nd ed., 54-55)Anesthetic potency of volatile anesthetics is measured by MAC. MAC represents the alveolar concentration of an anesthetic (at one atmosphere) that prevents movement in 50 percent of the subjects in response to pain.MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION (MAC) - MA... | 160,825 | medmcqa_train |
Zinc dose in 8 months infants | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 20 mg/kg x 14 days | 160,826 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with Ca endometrium has > 50% myometrial invasion and vaginal metastasis. Pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes are not involved. Peritoneal seedings are +ve. The stage is: | FIGO Surgical Staging of Carcinoma of the Corpus Uteri: Stage I Stage Ia - Tumor limited to endometrium Stage Ib - Invasion to less than one-half the myometrium Stage Ic - Invasion to more than one-half the myometrium Stage II Stage IIa - Endocervical glandular involvement only Stage IIb - Cervical stromal invasion Sta... | 160,827 | medmcqa_train |
Underwater autopsy of the hea is done in cases of: DNB 09 | Ans. Air embolism | 160,828 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following has highest potential to cause metabolic syndrome? | Metabolic complication like weight gain, hyperlipidemia and precipitation of diabetes is a major limitation. Other given drugs donot cause metabolic syndrome. Ref KD TRIPATI 8TH ED. | 160,829 | medmcqa_train |
Duchnne's muscular dystrophy - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., X-linked recessive o Duchnne & Becker's muscular dystrophy are X-linked recessive. | 160,830 | medmcqa_train |
Vector for Zika virus disease is: | Zika virus is a mosquito- borne flavivirus which is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes Aegypti. Transmission from an infected pregnant mother to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of bih is also a possibility. Zika Virus Zika virus is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus Caused by Zika virus which belongs ... | 160,831 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest cause of non engagement at term, in primi is: | In primi's the most common cause of non engagement at term is deflexed head or occipitoposterior position followed by cephalopelvic dispropoion. Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 330. | 160,832 | medmcqa_train |
Aberrant thyroid tissue may be found in all except: | Usually there are 3 places where aberrant thyroid tissues may be formed:
i) Lingual thyroid.
ii) Thyroglossal ectopic thyroid.
iii) Struma Ovarii
Struma Ovarii is an ovarian teratoma in which thyroid tissue may be present. It is malignant. | 160,833 | medmcqa_train |
Hemiballismus is due to lesion in? | Ans. (b) Contralateral subthalamic lesionRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 2623LesionManifestation* Caudate nucleusContralateral chorea* Globus pallidusContralateral atheotosis* Sub-thalamic nucleusContralateral hemiballismus* CerebellumIpsilateral intentional tremors* Internal capsuleContra-lateral hemiplegia with hemi- anesth... | 160,834 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following is used in Cardiovascular imaging? | Multidetector CT: It has cone shaped beam of X-ray Multiple slices of detectors and useful in Cardiovascular imaging. Multi-detector CT is paicularly suitable for imaging of the chest, hea and vessels. It is also useful for imaging of trauma patients. | 160,835 | medmcqa_train |
Insulin is essential for entry of glucose in which of the following tissue: | Ans. (c) Skeletal musclesRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30 ed. pg. 191-192th* Insulin increases the number and activity of GLUT 4 receptor. Thereby facilitating the entry of glucose in tissues having GLUT4 receptor.* Tissues with abundant GLUT4 receptor are: Skeletal muscles, Heart and Adipose tissue* Thus among the given... | 160,836 | medmcqa_train |
Useful diagnostic studies in the evaluation of upper-extremity pain include all of the following, EXCEPT: | Pain in the upper extremity may be of musculoskeletal or neurologic origin. Compression of the nerves supplying the upper extremity can occur at various levels from the spinal cord all the way down to the fingers. Cervical spine x-ray is helpful for detecting bony abnormalities, which may cause nerve compression. Panco... | 160,837 | medmcqa_train |
Sperm acquires motility in ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Epididymis Spermatozoa leaving the testis (seminiferous ubules) are not fully mobile. They continue their maturation and acquire their mobility during their passage through epididymis. From epididymis they come to vas deference, distal end of which also receives the secretions of seminal vesicle, and ... | 160,838 | medmcqa_train |
Management of Osteoradionecrosis would be: | Treatment of osteoradionecrosis at the present time is unsatisfactory.
Decortication with sequestrectomy and hyperbaric oxygen with antibiotics have been used with limited success because of poor healing after surgery. Conservative approaches with the aim to maintain the integrity of the lower border of the mandible, k... | 160,839 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following maternal complication during pregnancy result in giving bih to a large baby? | Maternal development of gestational diabetes result in fetal macrosomia. The pathophysiology of fetal macrosomia is not very clear but it seems clear that fetal hyperinsulinemia is one driving force. The insulin like growth factor, as well as fibroblast growth factor, also are involved, so a hyperinsulinemic state with... | 160,840 | medmcqa_train |
Mallory's hyaline is seen in ? | Ans is 'c' i.e., Indian childhood cirrhosis | 160,841 | medmcqa_train |
Farmers lung is caused by - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Micromonospore faenia Spores of some thermophilic actinomycetes such as faenia and Saccharomonsporia species may induce allergic alveolitis leading to COPD,farmer's lung. | 160,842 | medmcqa_train |
Mr. Ramesh a business man has taken multiple bank loans from a nationalized bank and unable to make payments. He has been brought for psychiatric evaluation as recently he has been denying any memory of taking loans from the bank. Interestingly, all other memory functioning is pretty intact. This is suggestive of: | Dissociative Amnesia: Commonest clinical type of dissociative disorder. Occurs mostly in adolescent and young adults. Severe psychological trauma, the patient temporarily and unconsciously shuts down the memory of the traumatic event Circumscribed loss of traumatic memory is seen in these individuals The other memories... | 160,843 | medmcqa_train |
A 55-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for an iliofemoral bypass. The operation is performed successfully and the blood flow between the iliac and femoral arteries is restored. During rehabilitation which of the following arteries should be palpated to monitor good circulation of the lower limb? | The dorsalis pedis is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery into the foot, as it passes the distal end of the tibia and the ankle joint. The pulse of the dorsalis pedis can be felt between the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus and the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus to the second toe. A strong pul... | 160,844 | medmcqa_train |
The most common malignant neoplasm of infancy is: | Neuroblastoma accounts for 7-10% of pediatric malignancies and is the most common solid neoplasm outside the CNS. Fifty percent of neuroblastomas are diagnosed before age 2 years and 90% before age 5 years. Ref: Kligman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), Chapter 498, "Neuroblastoma", In the book, "Nelson's Textbook of P... | 160,845 | medmcqa_train |
Chorionic villous sampling done before 10 weeks may result in: | Ans. is c, i.e. Oromandibular limb defectsRef. Williams Obs. 21/e, p 990; 22/e, p 330, 23/e, p 300"Chorionic villous sampling is usually performed at 10-13 weeks and is associated with several complications but studies suggests that limb reduction and oromandibular limb hypo genesis is more common, if CVS is done befor... | 160,846 | medmcqa_train |
Erenumab was approved by FDA in 2018 for | Erenumab belongs to a new class of drugs known as selective calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists, which are used for the treatment of acute migraine attacks. | 160,847 | medmcqa_train |
Site of maximum bicarbonate absorption- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Proximal convoluted tubule o About 80-90 of filtered HCO3- is absorbed in PCT.o Absorption of HCO3- is indirect, which is due to secretion H+, i.e., secretion of H+ is coupled with absorption of HCO3o Filtered HCO3- reacts with H+ to form H2CO3 which then is dissociated into H2O and CO2.o CO2 diffuses... | 160,848 | medmcqa_train |
True statement about PPV is: | Ans. (a) It increases with prevalenceRef: K. Park 23rd ed. /140-141# POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE* Ability of screening test to identify correctly all those who have disease out of all those who test positive on a screening test.* It depends upon sensitivity, specificity and prevalence of a disease in a population* PPV of... | 160,849 | medmcqa_train |
Cephalic index is used for determination of? | Ans. (b) RaceRef: Parikh 6th ed. / 2.26, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Cephalic_index | 160,850 | medmcqa_train |
Severe painful sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy along with alopecia may suggest poisoning with: | Severe painful sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy along with alopecia--thallium Severe painful sensorimotor neuropathy / GI disturbance and Mee's lines--arsenic Wrist or finger extensor weakness / anemia and basophilic stippling of red blood cells--lead Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page-3450. | 160,851 | medmcqa_train |
Cavernous sinus communicates with | Draining channels or communications the cavernous sinus drains: 1.into the transverse sinus through the superior petrosal sinus. 2.into the internal jugular vein through the inferior petrosal sinus and through a plexus around the internal carotid aery. 3. into the pterygoid plexus of veins through the emissary veins pa... | 160,852 | medmcqa_train |
In civil negligence, onus of proof lies on: | D i.e. Patient In case of malpractice, punishment is given by civil or criminal couQ (depending on type of negligence). Generally, the innocence of doctor is assumed and in cases where negligence is alleged, the plantiff (complainant, patient) has to establish the guilt. The patient is expected to prove that the defend... | 160,853 | medmcqa_train |
Which aery Supplies the deep cerebellar nuclei | The superior cerebellar aery supplies the superior surface of the cerebellum and the cerebellar nuclei (dentate nucleus) | 160,854 | medmcqa_train |
True about blood supply of scaphoid- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Major supply from dorsal surfaceo Major blood supply (70-80%) of scaphoid comes through dorsal surface via dorsal branches of radial artery,o These dorsal vessels enter the scaphoid at or just distal to waist area and supply the proximal pole in retrograde fashion.o Proximal 2/3 rd to 3/4 scaphoid is ... | 160,855 | medmcqa_train |
Straining and dribbling of urine in a male infant with recurrent urinary infection should lead to the suspicion of : | The informations provided in this question are :
Straining —> Sign of obstruction
Driblling —> Sign of obstruction and incomplete bladder emptying.
UTI May be due to urinary obstruction.
All these suggest the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy, and posterior urethral valve is most common cause of obstructive uropa... | 160,856 | medmcqa_train |
Which protein is abundant in our body: | Ans. (a) CollagenRef: Harrisons, 19th ed. pg. 2504* Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body.* Harrisons states: "The first genes cloned for connective tissues were the two genes coding for type I collagen, the most abundant protein in bones, skin, tendons, and several other tissues. | 160,857 | medmcqa_train |
Myoglobinuria is seen in which type of burns: | Electrical burns may cause extensive muscle necrosis and consequent myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria, both of which may lead to renal insufficiency. | 160,858 | medmcqa_train |
Sign of the groove is seen in: | LGV is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1, L2 and L3 and occurs in three stages. In the secondary stage or inguinal stage, enlargement of the femoral and inguinal lymph nodes separated by the inguinal ligament produces the 'sign of the groove'/sign of Greenblatt. NOTE: Ramrod /saxophone penis in males and Esth... | 160,859 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with psoriasis was staed on systemic steroids. After stopping the treatment, the patient developed generalized pustules all over the body.The cause is most likely to be - | Patient of psoriasis on withdrawal of systemic steroids leads to: 1)Pustular Psoriasis: - Multiple sterile pustules develop on whole body(including palms & soles) k/a sterile as there is no infection, only infiltration present. -If generalised k/a Von Zumbusch disease. - Other provocating factors include Infection, Pre... | 160,860 | medmcqa_train |
Cholesteatoma is seen in: | (b) CSOM(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2141)Cholesteatoma formation is characteristic of unsafe CSOM.The other mentioned options are not associated with cholesteatoma. | 160,861 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following indicates anticipated difficult bag mask ventilation | Predicting difficulty in mask ventilation Mask ventilation is the most basic, and arguably most impoant, skill in airway management. Patients who have been identified as having DMV, or who are predicted to be difficult, are, or potentially are, at the highest risk in airway management. It is this facet of management th... | 160,862 | medmcqa_train |
Enzyme replacement therapy is used for- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gaucher's disease * Alglucerase (ceredase) is used in the treatment of Gaucher's disease.* Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is also available for Fabry's disease, Type I, Type II and Type VI Mucoploysaccharidosis, Pompe's disease and ADA deficiency | 160,863 | medmcqa_train |
Organism that causes emphysematous cholecystitis is: | Ref: Harrison's 18th editionExplanation:Emphysematous CholecystitisIt is thought to begin with acute cholecystitis (calculous or acalculous) followed by ischemia or gangrene of the gallbladder wall and infection by gas-producing organisms.Bacteria most frequently cultured in this setting includeAnaerobes, such as C. we... | 160,864 | medmcqa_train |
Most common site for extra mammary Paget&;s disease is | .It is superficial manifestation of an intraductal carcinoma. The malignancy spreads within the duct up to the skin of the nipple and down into the substance of the breast. It mimics eczema of nipple and areola.most commonly extra mammary manifestations of paget&;s disease is seen in the vulva. * Paget's disease of pen... | 160,865 | medmcqa_train |
Inferior Rib notching is seen in all except? | Answer is D (Neurofibromatosis) Neurofibromatosis is associated with superior rib notching Inferior rib notching is characteristically seen in coarctation of Aoa and may also be seen in Superior vena cava obstruction and a Blalock-Taussig shunt operation Rib-Signs in Coarctation of aoa: Inferior rib notching is charact... | 160,866 | medmcqa_train |
Which is false regarding cryptococcus neoformans? | Ans. is 'c' i e., Urease negative Cryptococcus neoformans is distinguished from other non-pathogenic crvptococci by ? - Ability to grow at 37degC Lack of fermentative ability - Ability to hydrolyze urease (urease positive) - Formation of brown pigment on niger seed agar - Ability to assimilate inositol Ability to produ... | 160,867 | medmcqa_train |
Histopathological finding of gluten hypersensitivity is? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Crypt hyperplasia Histopathological findings of gluten sensitivity enteropathy* Villous atrophy and Crypt hyperplasia with decrease in villus: crypt ratio.* Loss of microvilli brush border.* Inflammatory cells are present in lamina propria : plasma cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast... | 160,868 | medmcqa_train |
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