query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Larvae of Ascaris lumbricoidis most commonly causes? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Respiratory symptoms Clinical manifestations of ascariasis can be divided into two groups :- Due to adult worm : Adult worm causes malnutrition, abdominal pain, anorexia, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, intestinal perforation and allergic manifestations. in Du... | 160,600 | medmcqa_train |
Acute adrenal insufficiency can present as | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Presentation in Acute Adrenal Insufficiency* Acute adrenal insufficiency usually occurs after a prolonged period of nonspecific complaints and is more frequently observed in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency, due to the loss of both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid secre... | 160,601 | medmcqa_train |
OATP 1B1/2 gene mutation is seen in | OATP 1B1/2 gene mutation - Rotor syndrome
ABCCA gene mutation - Dubin johnson syndrome | 160,602 | medmcqa_train |
Definitive diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is done by? | Hirschsprung's disease - is characterised by the absence of ganglionic cells in the distal colon and rectum - it occurs due to the failure of migration of neural crest cells to distal bowel segments - affects cells in both - myenteric and submucosal plexuses - functional obstruction developes in the affected pa. It can... | 160,603 | medmcqa_train |
Periaicular calcification is seen in - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pseudogout Periaicular soft tissue calcification Haematoma Crystal ahropathy (Gout, Pseudogout) Dermatomyositis Tumoral calcinosis Myositis ossificans Scleroderma Synol osteochondromatosis Synol sarcoma | 160,604 | medmcqa_train |
A patint complains of intermittent claudication,dizziness and headache,likely cardiac lesion is- | Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a cardiac anomaly that refers to a combination of four related hea defects that commonly occur together. The four defects are: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Tetralogy of Fallot results in low oxygenation of blood. This is due to: Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the left ven... | 160,605 | medmcqa_train |
Which is true about Klebsiella infections? | Predisposing factors for Klebsiella .............. Klebsiella and the related Serratia and Enterobacter are the most impoant enteric organisms other than E. coli to infect humans. Although respiratory disease is impoant (Klebsiella accounts for 1 % or less of community-acquired pneumonia), most clinical isolates now co... | 160,606 | medmcqa_train |
Chronic Burrowing ulcer is caused by: | Microaerophilic streptococci ''This type of ulcer is due to symbiotic action of tnicroaerophilic non-haemolytic streptococci and haemolytic staphylococcus aureus" - S. Das Chronic burrowing ulcers or Meleney's ulcers are seen in the post-operative wounds either after the operation for perforated viscus or for drainage ... | 160,607 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for neurocysticercosis is: | Out of the two anthelmintics effective in killing cysticerci, albendazole is now preferred over praziquantel for the following reasons: * The course of treatment is shoer (8-15 day) compared to praziquantel (15-30 days). * Cure rates in terms of resolution of symptoms and disappearance of cysts are higher (75-85% with ... | 160,608 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following about severe combined immunodeficiency is not true - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Due to deficiency of adenylate kinase | 160,609 | medmcqa_train |
The following radiograph shows: | Gemination
Geminated teeth are anomalies which arise from an attempt at the division of a single tooth germ by an invagination, with resultant incomplete formation of two teeth. The structure is usually one with two completely or incompletely separated crowns that have a single root and root canal. It is seen in decidu... | 160,610 | medmcqa_train |
In Ulnar nerve injury in arm, all of the following are seen except? | Adduction of thumb. Injury to the Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve is most commonly injured at the elbow, where it lies behind the medial epicondyle and at the wrist where it lies in front of flexor retinaculum. In high ulnar nerve injury at or proximal to elbow, all the muscles supplied by the ulnar nerve in the forearm and ha... | 160,611 | medmcqa_train |
True about sickle anemia is? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Decreased ESR Investigation1) Peripheral smear shows sickle cells, target cells and Howell - Jolly bodies.2) ESR is decreased (only important anemia in which ESR is decreased, in most of other anemias ESR is increased).3) There is positive sickling test with a reducing substance like sodium metabisulf... | 160,612 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for acute severe asthma is:- | Sho acting beta 2 agonists like salbutamol are drug of choice for acute severe asthma Condition Drug of choice Bronchial Asthma Acute attack Salbutamol Acute attack in pregnancy Salbutamol Acute attack during labour Ipratropium Acute attack in patients on beta blocker therapy Ipratropium Prophylaxis Coicosteroids Exerc... | 160,613 | medmcqa_train |
A factor that is likely to increase the duration of action of a drug D that is partially metabolized by CYP3A4 in the liver is: | - Microsomal enzyme inducers- Rifampicin, Phenobarbital- will increase the activity of enzymes, leading to decreased duration of action of a drug.
- Microsomal enzyme inhibitor- Cimetidine- will decrease the activity of enzyme resulting in increased duration of action of the drug.
- A drug displaced from the binding si... | 160,614 | medmcqa_train |
The number of muscle fibers innervated by a motor axon is smallest in | The extraocular and hand muscles have an innervations ratio of 3 to 6 whereas gastrocnemius and back muscle has a ratio of 2000.(Refer Medical Physiology by Guyton & Hall, 12th edition, page no: 96) | 160,615 | medmcqa_train |
This arrangement of myofibrils are found in | Refer robbins 9/e 569 Hyperophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease in which the hea muscle (myocardium) becomes abnormally thick (hyperophied). The thickened hea muscle can make it harder for the hea to pump blood. Hyperophic cardiomyopathy often goes undiagnosed because many people with the disease have few, if any, s... | 160,616 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following may cause biliary obstruction - | In most cases the disease tends to remain low grade and chronic producing only minor symptoms of abdominal distress,intermittent diarrhea and liver pain or tenderness.C.sinensis has been linked to bile duct carcinoma.It is mostly observed in areas where clonorchiasis is endemic (refer pgno:126 baveja 3 rd edition) | 160,617 | medmcqa_train |
False regarding Parasuicide? | Also known as attempted suicide/ pseudocide. Mostly seen in psychological disturbances. Conscious, impulse, manipulative act to get rid of an intolerable situation. POISONING ( drug ingestion )is the most common form. | 160,618 | medmcqa_train |
Intra-tumoral calcification in the brain is seen in all except? | Intratumoral calcification develops in the slow-growing tumors like Craniopharyngioma Meningioma Oligodendroglioma -Hemangioblastoma is a highly vascular tumor. | 160,619 | medmcqa_train |
Most common type of supracondylar fracture in children | One of the most serious fractures in childhood. Caused by fall on an out stretched hand. Fracture line extends transversely through the distal metaphysis of humerus just above the condyles. The distal fragment may be displaced in the following directions: Posterior or backward shift Posterior tilt Proximal shift Medial... | 160,620 | medmcqa_train |
Soap bubble appearance at lower end of radius, the treatment of choice is: | Treatment for GCT at commoner sites is as given in Table Site Treatment of choice Lower end of femur Excision with Turn-o-Plasty Upper end of tibia Excision with Turn-o-Plasty Lower end of radius Excision with fibular grafting Lower end of ulna Excision Upper end of fibula Excision | 160,621 | medmcqa_train |
Oncocytes are found in all of the following, except: | Pineal body | 160,622 | medmcqa_train |
True statement about esophageal varices is: | Epidemiology of esophageal varices and correlation with liver disease At the time of diagnosis, 30% of cirrhotic patients have esophageal varices, and 90% after approximately 10 years. Bleeding from esophageal varices is associated with a moality rate of 20% at 6 weeks, Variceal bleeding is the most common fatal compli... | 160,623 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug is NOT effective against chemotherapy induced vomiting? | Ans. (b) HyoscineRef: KDT 6th ed. / 646-47 | 160,624 | medmcqa_train |
A patient presents with acute renal failure with normal ultrasound abdomen repo Next most useful investigation is- | DTPA A renal scan involves the use of radioactive material to examine your kidneys and assess their function. A renal scan is also known as a renal scintigraphy, renal imaging, or a renogram. During this procedure, a technician injects a radioactive material called a radioisotope into your vein. The radioisotope releas... | 160,625 | medmcqa_train |
A Patient presented with Hypokalemia, Severe Hypertension, and Metabolic Alkalosis. The diagnosis is | (A) Liddle syndrome[?]Liddle's Syndrome: Autosomal dominant & is characterized by activating mutation of collecting duct Na+ channel with enhanced sodium reabsorption.oLow renin, low aldosterone levels.oClinical picture mimics Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Hypertension, Hypokalemia & Alkalosis.oIncreased activity of the ... | 160,626 | medmcqa_train |
Scabies is caused by a small mite that burrows into the skin. The disease is best described by which one of the following statements? | Sarcoptes scabiei is a small mite that burrows into human skin. Itching is significant, and a vesicular eruption, which often becomes secondarily infected with bacteria, develops. Diagnosis is made by microscopic detection of the mites. Gamma benzene hexachloride (Kwell), a topical insecticide, is an effective treatmen... | 160,627 | medmcqa_train |
Where is bruit heard in thyroid gland | Thrill is felt in the upper pole of the thyroid and also bruit on auscultation. It is because in the upper pole, superior thyroid aery enters the gland superficially and so thrill and bruit can easily be felt. In the lower pole inferior thyroid aery enters the gland from deeper plane and so thrill cannot be felt. Refer... | 160,628 | medmcqa_train |
A 45 year old man presents to a physician with back pain and facial pain. Physical examination demonstrates coarse facial features and kyphosis. Laboratory examination is remarkable for elevated alkaline phosphatase. .X-ray studies demonstrate skull thickening with narrowing of foramina, and bowing of the femur and tib... | The phrase "mosaic pattern" of newly formed woven bone is a specific tip-off for Paget's disease of bone, and is not seen in other bone conditions. The clinical and radiologic presentation are typical; an increased hat size may also be a clue. In its early stages, Paget's disease is characterised by osteolysis, produci... | 160,629 | medmcqa_train |
Pubic symphysis is which type of joint | Primary cailaginous joints Known as "synchondroses". These bones are connected by hyaline cailage and sometimes occur between ossification centers.This cailage may ossify with age.Examples in humans are the "growth plates" between ossification centers in long bones. These joints here allow for only a little movement, s... | 160,630 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of urinary tract infection in children is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., E Coli o Bacterial infections are the most common cause of UTI, with E coli being the most frequent pathogen, causing 75- 90% of UTIs. Other bacterial sources of UTI include the following:# Klebsiella species# Proteus species# Enterococcus species# Staphylococcus saprophyticus, especially among female... | 160,631 | medmcqa_train |
Deep perineal pouch in males does not include: | Coronal section of pelvis. Deep perineal pouch is located between the superior and inferior layers of the urogenital diaphragm. Long perineal nerve is located in the superficial perineal pouch. Contents of deep perineal pouch in males:Muscles - Sphincter urethrae, Deep transversus perineiNerves - Dorsal nerve of penis,... | 160,632 | medmcqa_train |
A multipara developed postpaum haemorrhage (PPH) during her 3rd child bih. The most probable cause for her PPH is: | Causes of postpaum hemorrhage include uterine atony, obstetric lacerations, retained placental tissue, and coagulation defects. Atony is the most common cause of postpaum hemorrhage (50% of cases). Predisposing causes include, Excessive manipulation of the uterus General anesthesia (paicularly with halogenated compound... | 160,633 | medmcqa_train |
A child with hypopigmented hair and mentally retarded with mousy odour urine. Enzyme deficient is? | (C) Phenyalanine hydroxylase # PHENYLKETONURIA: phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.> Disease presents clinically with seizures, hypo pigmentation, musty odour to baby sweat and urine(due to phenylacetate, a carboxylic acid produced by oxidation of phenylketone).> Phenylalanine is first converted to tyrosine.> Hyper p... | 160,634 | medmcqa_train |
Surgery used to treat posterior capsular Opacification is | Posterior Capsular opacification is a complication of Cataract surgery.
Treatment is Nd : YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. | 160,635 | medmcqa_train |
A patient develops acute respiratory distress, stridor, hyperinflation on one side of chest with decreased breath sound on that side. Most likely cause is : | Ans. is 'c' i.e Foreign Body Aspiration Foreign Body Aspiration :It is an important cause of stridor in children.If obstruction occurs it leads to hyperinflation.The overlying chest wall shows hyperresonance.There will be decreased breath sounds.All the other choices mentioned in the question do not cause stridor.Asthm... | 160,636 | medmcqa_train |
Local vasoconstriction is seen with: | Cocaine is sympathomimetic and thus causes vasoconstriction. Cocaine is a local anesthetic with potential for abuse. It produces euphoria by inhibiting the uptake of catecholamines in the CNS, especially dopamine. Because of its abuse potential, cocaine is listed as a schedule II controlled substance by the U.S. Drug E... | 160,637 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs combination shows antimicrobial synergism? | Every AMA has a specific effect on selected microorganisms. Depending on the drug pair as well as the organism involved, either synergism (supra-additive effect), additive action, indifference or antagonism may be observed when two AMAs belonging to different classes are used together Every combination is unique; the s... | 160,638 | medmcqa_train |
Penal code for death sentence is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 300 | 160,639 | medmcqa_train |
Sentinel lymph node is defined as | The first axillary lymphnode draining the breast (by direct drainage) is designated as sentinel lymph node. SLN is first node involved by tumour cells and presence or absence of its histological involvement when assesed will give a predictive idea about fuher spread of tunour to other nodes. SRB's Manual of Surgery.Edi... | 160,640 | medmcqa_train |
Ramesh singh, a 40 yrs old man, was admitted with fracture shaft femur following a road traffic accident. Three days after tauma he was tachypnoeic, and had conjunctival petechiae. Most likely diagnosis is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fat embolism This patient in question has femur fracture has developed classical triad of fat embolism :- Respiratory symptom :- Tachypnea Neurological symptom :- Disorientation Petechial rash :- Conjunctivalpetechiae So, the most probable diagnosis is fat embolism syndrome. | 160,641 | medmcqa_train |
False about Angurugu syndrome is | ANGURUGU SYNDROME: Associated with manganese toxicity Characterised by UMN lesions, cerebellar signs, oculomotor symptoms Seen in western Australia | 160,642 | medmcqa_train |
Basanti, 27 year female thinks that her nose is ugly. Her idea is fixed and is not shared by anyone else. Whenever she goes out of the home, She hides her face? She visits a surgeon for plastic surgery. The appropriate next step would be:- | This appears to be a case of delusional disorder, somatic type. Its impoant to differentiate it from body dysmorphic disorder. here, the question says that idea is fixed and is not shared by anyone else and patient is fuher hiding her face when visiting outside. In body dysmorphic disorder, the belief is not fixed and ... | 160,643 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is responsible for green color on antibiotic disk sensitivity testing? | Ans. (a) Pyoverdin and pyocyanin.* Pseudomonas produce pigments by the name of pyoverdin and pyocyanin leading to greenish pigmentation in culture plate.* Pneumococci produce pneumolysin that break downs hemoglobin into a green pigment. This causes pneumococcal colonies to be surrounded by green zone during growth on b... | 160,644 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a neuroparasite? | Trichinella spiralis is not a neuro parasite, it is seen in striated muscles. It causes trichinosis. Pigs are the most impoant reservoirs of human disease. Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked meat containing larvae encysted in the muscle. The larvae excyst and mature into adults within the mucosa of the sm... | 160,645 | medmcqa_train |
How much ethinyl estriol does the new low dose oral contraceptive pill contain (in micrograms) | Composition of 'New low dose OCP' : (Brand name : Femilon/Elogen) Ethinyl estradiol: 0.02mg (20 mcg) Desogestrel: 0.15mg(150 mcg) Composition of Combined OCP: MALA-N Ethinyl estradiol: 0.03mg (30mcg) Norgestrel : 0.15mg (150mcg) Ref: Internet, Organon-India website | 160,646 | medmcqa_train |
How is cooling curve of the body postmoem? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sigmoid Body cooling postmoem follows the Newton's law of cooling.The rates of cooling at the ends of the curve are slower than the rates in the mid poion - resulting in Sigmoidal shape of the cooling curve | 160,647 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of splenic rupture is - | Most common cause of splenic rupture is Trauma.
In the absence of trauma Spontaneous rupture of spleen occurs due to some minor physical insult to a spleen that has been rendered fragile by an underlying condition. The most common predisposing conditions are IMN, malaria, typhoid fever and lymphoid neoplasms. | 160,648 | medmcqa_train |
Increased serum calcium is seen in all except: | Answer is A (Myxoedema): Hypercakemia is a feature of Hypehyroidism and not hypothyroidism (Myxoedema) | 160,649 | medmcqa_train |
In a patient with AIDS, chorioretinitis is typically caused by | Commonest ocular infection in HIV patient - CMV retinitis Bush- Fire appeareance Pizza- Pie Appearance Sauce & Cheese Appearance OCULAR HIV : - M/C ocular manifestation - Cotton wool spot or soft exudate or HIV retinopathy - M/C occular infection - CMV retinitis - M/C occular tumor - kaposi sarcoma > Lymphoma | 160,650 | medmcqa_train |
All are abductors of thigh, except: | Piriformis | 160,651 | medmcqa_train |
Corneal vascularisation is/are caused by: | Ans. A, B and C | 160,652 | medmcqa_train |
Antibody coated bacteria (A.C.B.) is characteristic of which one of the following conditions? | . | 160,653 | medmcqa_train |
True about Latissimus dorsi | The tendon is twisted upside down and is inseed into floor of the inteubercular sulcus Latissimus dorsi is supplied by the thoracodorsal (long scapular) nerve. The latissimus dorsi is a potential source of muscle for breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy The dominant blood supply arises from the thoracodorsal ... | 160,654 | medmcqa_train |
Fallot physiology includes all except | Eisenmenger syndrome include reversal of shunt. FALLOT PHYSIOLOGY SYNDROMES # Tetralogy of Fallot # Tricuspid. atresia - PS # Single ventricle - PS # TGA with VSD -- PS # DORV -- VSD -- PS Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:428 | 160,655 | medmcqa_train |
Abduction of Hand is caused by | The flexor carpi radialis muscle originates from the medial epicondlyle of humerus and inses into the bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones. Its action is abduction of hand at the wrist joint. BD CHAURASIA 7th edition ,page 108 table 9.2 | 160,656 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true regarding lattice formation | Lattice formation is possible only in the zone of equivalence.in the zones of antibody or antigen excess lattice doesn't enlarge as their respective valencies are stisfied,this lattice hypothesis holds good for agglutination also. Ref: anantnarayan and panikers 10 th edition. | 160,657 | medmcqa_train |
First change to occur in the distal segment of cut nerve: | After axotomy, the nerve terminals of the injured neuron begin to degenerate (first). | 160,658 | medmcqa_train |
Most common causative organism of acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy is? | ANSWER: (A) E.coliREF: Dutta's textbook of obstetrics 6th ed page 296Incidence of pyelonephritis in pregnancy 1-3%Previous history of urinary tract infection increases chance by 50%Organisms associated are: E:coli (70%), Klebsiella (10%), Enterobacter, Proteus pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus | 160,659 | medmcqa_train |
A patient undergoes a total gastrectomy because of a proximally located gastric cancer. After the surgery, which of the following digestive enzymes will be produced in inadequate amounts? | Pepsin is secreted (in an inactive or zymogen form as pepsinogen) by the chief cells of the stomach. Pepsinogen is activated by contact with stomach acid. Although protein digestion usually begins with the actions of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, pancreatic enzymes complete the job as the food passes into the small int... | 160,660 | medmcqa_train |
The type of study that determines the norms and limits of the distribution of variables, including the characteristics of the events and population under study, is reffered to as- | Descriptive studies are the first phase of an epidemiological investigation. Procedures in descriptive studies include: 1)defining the population to be studied 2)defining the disease under study 3)describing the study by time , place, person 4)measurement of disease 5)comparing with known indices 6)formulation of an ae... | 160,661 | medmcqa_train |
HRT therapy can increase the risk of - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Breast carcinoma o HRT increases the risk of the following:# Endometrial cancer# Breast carcinomao Reduced risk of the following with HRT:# Alzeihmer's disease# Colorectal cancer# Osteoporosis# Age related hearing loss# HRT prevents lens opacities | 160,662 | medmcqa_train |
Reverse cholesterol transpo is mediated by ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., HDLReverse cholesterol transpoAll nucleated cells in different tissues synthesize cholesterol, but the excretion of cholesterol is mainly by liver in the bile or by enterocytes in gut lumen.So, cholesterol must be transpoed from peripheral tissue to liver for excretion.o This is facilitated by HDL and... | 160,663 | medmcqa_train |
Most common chromosomal syndrome in children is? | **Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is the most common of the chromosomal disorder. **Trisomy 16 is the most common trisomy overall, however most do not survive and die in utero Hence, among the live bihs, or among children, most common chromosomal abnormality is Trisomy 21 | 160,664 | medmcqa_train |
A child can make a tower of 6 cubes at the age of? | A child can make a tower of 6 cubes at 2 years. -tower of 2 cubes at 15 months, 3 cube tower at the age of 18 months | 160,665 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are features of Goodpasture syndrome, except: | Goodpasture syndrome Uncommon autoimmune disease in which kidney and lung injury are caused by circulating autoantibodies. Most common in 2nd & 3rd decades of life. Anti-GBM antibody-mediated disease Goodpasture syndrome applies to the 40% to 60% of patients with these autoantibodies who develop pulmonary hemorrhage in... | 160,666 | medmcqa_train |
systematic sensitization is used in | SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION JOSEPH WOLPE Joseph Wolpe gave the concept of systematic desensitization This is a treatment used in phobia In phobia there is a conditioned fear response to aversive neutral stimulus and avoidance of that response leads to phobia Whenever there is a fear response there is stimulation of symp... | 160,667 | medmcqa_train |
Epiphyseal dysgenesis is a pathognomonic feature of: | Hypothyroidism | 160,668 | medmcqa_train |
True about specificity- | Ans. is 'c' Le., True negative o When a screening test is used to diagnose a disease, the test oucome can be positive (diseased) or negative (healthy), while the actual health status of the person may be different,o In that settingi) True positive-Diseased people correctly diagnosed as diseased.ii) False positive-Healt... | 160,669 | medmcqa_train |
A 75 year old patient presents with deterioration of vision. On examination the pupillary reflex is observed to be sluggish and the intraocular pressure is normal. Optic disc evaluation shows a large and deep cup and paracentral scotomas. The most likely diagnosis is: | Ans. (b) Normal Tension GlaucomaRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 346; Yanoff 3/e, p. 1159Glaucomatous cupping (large and deep cup) along with glaucomatous visual field defects (paracentral scotomas are the most frequent) in patients with normal intraocular pressure suggests a diagnosis of Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG). | 160,670 | medmcqa_train |
Lungs do not collapse during expiration because of the presence of? | b. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline(Ref: Ghai 8/e p 169-170)Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline is an important constituent of Surfactant, which prevent alveolar collapse during expiration. | 160,671 | medmcqa_train |
Artery usually torn in temporal bone fracture is: | Ans. (A). Middle meningeal arteryType of haemorrhageCommonest sourceExtradural haemorrhageMiddle meningeal arterySub dural haemorrhageBridging veinsSub arachnoid haemorrhageAneurysm - Circle of willisIntracerebral haemorrhageLenticulo-striate artery | 160,672 | medmcqa_train |
Saroj, a 32 year old female, from rural background presented with a h/o chronic tobacco chewing since 14 year of age. Now she has difficulty in opening her mouth. On oral examination, no ulcers are seen - Most probable diagnosis is - | Ans. is 'a' ie. Submucous oral fibrosis " Submucous oral fibrosis is a progressive ds. in which fibrous bands form beneath the oral mucosa. These bands progressively contract so that ultimately mouth opening is severly limited. Tongue movements may also be limited. This conditon is almost entirely confined to Asians. H... | 160,673 | medmcqa_train |
Retinoblastoma best evaluated by - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., CT SCAN + MRI Imaging in Retinoblastomao MRI - best for challenging retinoblastoma patient evaluation; also used to rule out optic nerve and intracranial invovlemento CT SCAN - detects calcification, can also be used for initial evaluation.o MRI + CT SCAN - best for trilateral, tetralateral, recurrent... | 160,674 | medmcqa_train |
Loss of an anatomical structure or a physiological function is called: | Ans: b (Impairment) Ref: Park, 19th ed, p. 39,40Impairment- is defined as any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.e.g., loss of foot, defective vision, or mental retardation.Disability- is defined as any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the ma... | 160,675 | medmcqa_train |
Transcription is inhibited by | Clindamycin -D antibiotics from StreptomycesMode of action is by inseion of phenoxa-zone ring between two G-C bp of DNA USed as anti-cancer drugRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 593 table 45.2 | 160,676 | medmcqa_train |
A wave in ERG is due to activity of- | Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Rods and cones Electroretinogramo The changes induced by the stimulation of light in the resting potential of the eye are measured by electroretinography. It is extinguished or absent in complete failure of function of rods and cones, e.g. pigmentary retinal dystrophy, complete occlution of retinal ar... | 160,677 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following mechanisms is not responsible for complications in DM | The things responsible for chronic complications of DM are 1)Formation of Advanced glucation end products 2) Activation of Protein Kinase C 3)Oxidative stress and disturbance in Polyol pathways . Possible complications include: Cardiovascular disease. ... Nerve damage (neuropathy). ... Kidney damage (nephropathy). ... ... | 160,678 | medmcqa_train |
Hemolysis is seen in all except: | Other than these, hemolysis is also seen in hemolytic jaundice. | 160,679 | medmcqa_train |
A full course of immunization against, Tetanus with 3 doses of Tetanus toxoid, confers immunity for how many years - | <p> 5 years TT given as a primary course of immunisation of two doses at interval of 1-2 month.then a booster after 1 year. The opinion was expressed that no more than one additional. Booster dose given 5 year after the third dose is required in adult in developing countries. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive an... | 160,680 | medmcqa_train |
Overgrowth of the bile duct in a localized region is | The term hamaoma refers to an excessive, focal overgrowth of cells and tissues native to the organ in which it occurs. Although the cellular elements are mature and identical to those found in the remainder of the organ, they do not reproduce the normal architecture of the surrounding tissue. Von Meyenburg complexes ar... | 160,681 | medmcqa_train |
Which is the most common complication in Monoamniotic twins? | Ans. D. Intertwining. (Ref. Williams Obstetrics 22nd ed. ch. 39. Multifetal Gestation; Fig. 39-16).TypeUNIQUE COMPLICATIONSMONOAMNIONIC TWINSApproximately 1 percent of monozygotic twins are monoamnionic.A high fetal death rate is associated with this rare variety of monozygotic twinning.Intertwining of their umbilical ... | 160,682 | medmcqa_train |
All have chances of DVT except - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Young <25 yrs. Risk factors for DVT -o Advanced Age# Major abdominal.''orthopedic surgery/major trauma# Prolonged immobilisation (>3 days)# HRT and OCP use# Pregnancy and puerperium# Malignancy# Obesity/Diabetes/CHF/Shock# Nephrotic syndrome# Varicose veins# Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome# Myelopr... | 160,683 | medmcqa_train |
A 5-year-old boy is brought in by his mother because of petechial bleeding and bruises on his torso and limbs. The child doesn't have any other signs or symptoms and doesn't appear to be ill. Mother reports gastrointestinal infection several weeks prior to petechiae and bruising. CBC shows thrombocytopenia (<20xl09/L).... | Answer: a) Complete resolution is expectedDiagnosis appears to be UP. It usually follows viral infections in children aged 2 to 5 years and is of autoimmune origin. It is self-limiting in most cases and resolves completely in 6 weeks to 6 months in 80% of children.IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (ITP)CHRONIC ITP* More ... | 160,684 | medmcqa_train |
Non competitive inhibition is | Features of noncompetitive inhibition
Inhibitor have no structural resemblance to substrate.
Mostly Irreversible (Except a few reversible non-competitive inhibition).
Excess substrate do not abolish the inhibition.
Km remains the same.
Vmax remains the same.
Features of competitive inhibition
Inhibitor will be struc... | 160,685 | medmcqa_train |
The earliest manifestations of Chronic lead poisoning include: | C i.e. Punctate basophilia | 160,686 | medmcqa_train |
Percentage of sucrose solution used for newborn analgesia is: | Analgesia in newborn
A. Analgesia for minimally-invasive
Sucrose analgesia is drug of choice | 160,687 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs are useful for long term treatment of congestive hea failure | Dobutamine (Ref: KDT 6/e p507) Dobutamine is indicated only for the acute treatment of decompensated CHF. Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) can be used for acute treatment as well as maintenance therapy of CHF. ACE inhibitors and spironolactone are indicated only for chronic CHF. | 160,688 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug possess similar cycloplegic action and is more potent mydriatic than atropine is: | It's duration of action is also long but less than the atropine. | 160,689 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following vitamin deficiency is found in patients with gastric cancer ? | Gastric cancers can grow to an extent to cause damage to cells producing intrinsic factors and hence vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency may also occur in post gastrectomy patients of gastric carcinoma, autoimmune pernicious anemia predisposing to gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis. | 160,690 | medmcqa_train |
A 25-year-old woman complains of persistent bleeding for 5 days after a dental extraction. She has noticed easy bruisability since childhood and was given a blood transfusion at age 17 because of prolonged bleeding after an apparently minor cut. She denies ecchymoses or bleeding into joints. Her father has noticed simi... | This woman's lifelong history of excessive bleeding suggests an inherited bleeding problem, as does the positive family history. The prolonged PTT indicates a deficiency of factors VIII, IX, XI, or XII, but the commonest of these deficiencies (classic hemophilia A and Christmas disease, or hemophilia B) are vanishingly... | 160,691 | medmcqa_train |
In Niacin deficiency, all of the following are seen except - | - niacin is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. It is also essential for the normal functioning of skin , intestinal and nervous system. - niacin deficiency results in pellagra. The disease is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and soc... | 160,692 | medmcqa_train |
In acute inflammation, contraction of endothelial cells results in the following: | Endothelial cell contraction leading to intercellular gaps in postcapillary venules is the most common cause of increased vascular permeability. Endothelial cell contraction occurs rapidly after binding of histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, and many other mediators to specific receptors, and is usually sho lived (15-... | 160,693 | medmcqa_train |
Type I muscle fibers rich in myosin heavy chain are | Ans. d (Slow contracting, resistant to fatigue)Two Major Fiber Types: type I and type II fibers Type IType II Slow TwitchFast TwitchMyosin ATPaseLowHighEnergy utilizationLowHighMitochondriaManyFewColorRedWhiteMyoglobinYesNoContraction rateSlowFastDurationProlongedShortResistance to fatigueincreased /morelessEducational... | 160,694 | medmcqa_train |
What is the function of DNA ligase? | DNA ligase Seals the single strand nick between the nascent chain and Okazaki fragments on lagging strandRef: Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th edition, page no: 382 | 160,695 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following anti-Parkinson drugs has the potential to cause retroperitoneal fibrosis ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bromocriptine Retroperitoneal fibrosis can be caused by ergot antiparkinsonism drugs (bromocriptine and pergolide). | 160,696 | medmcqa_train |
Which receptors are present in liver for uptake of LDL: | Apo E and Apo B100 "Apolipoproteins carry out several roles: (1) they can form pa of the structure of the lipoprotein, eg, apo B; (2) they are enzyme cofactors, eg, C-II for lipoprotein lipase, A-I for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, or enzyme inhibitors, eg, apo A-II and apo C-III for lipoprotein lipase, apo C-I... | 160,697 | medmcqa_train |
Pseudo gestational sac is seen in the USG of | Pseudo gestational sac : Irregular in outline Usually, uterus is centrally located No double decidual sign Sac remains empty Seen in ectopic pregnancy Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 601. | 160,698 | medmcqa_train |
True about the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | In COPD, airflow obstruction is demonstrated by spirometry in which the post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC is less than 70%.
The severity of COPD may be defined in relation to the post-bronchodilator FEV1 which is <30% predicted in very severe type.
Measurement of lung volumes provides an assessment of hyperinflation.COPD ... | 160,699 | medmcqa_train |
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