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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kidney function depends on the nephron , which comprises a blood filter , a tubule that is subdivided into functionally distinct segments , and a collecting duct . How these regions arise during development is poorly understood . The zebrafish pronephros consists of two linear nephrons that develop from the intermediat... | In the kidney , structures known as nephrons are responsible for collecting metabolic waste . Nephrons are composed of a blood filter ( glomerulus ) followed by a series of specialized tubule regions , or segments , which recover solutes such as salts , and finally terminate with a collecting duct . The genetic mechani... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"danio",
"(zebrafish)",
"vertebrates",
"teleost",
"fishes",
"nephrology"
] | 2007 | The cdx Genes and Retinoic Acid Control the Positioning and Segmentation of the Zebrafish Pronephros |
White-nose syndrome is one of the most lethal wildlife diseases , killing over 5 million North American bats since it was first reported in 2006 . The causal agent of the disease is a psychrophilic filamentous fungus , Pseudogymnoascus destructans . The fungus is widely distributed in North America and Europe and has r... | Many species of bats in North America have been severely impacted by a fungal disease , white-nose syndrome , that has killed over 5 million bats since it was first identified in 2006 . The fungus is believed to have been introduced into a cave in New York where bats hibernate , and has now spread to 29 states and 4 Ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"fungal",
"spores",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"fungi",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"rna",
"isolation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"fungal",
"reproduction",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"... | 2016 | Using a Novel Partitivirus in Pseudogymnoascus destructans to Understand the Epidemiology of White-Nose Syndrome |
Sustainable dengue intervention requires the participation of communities . Therefore , understanding the health beliefs , knowledge and perceptions of dengue among the local people can help to design locally appropriate strategies for effective interventions . A combination of qualitative semi-structured in-depth inte... | The burden of dengue has been increasing over the last five decades , and dengue fever ( DF ) has become one of the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne diseases . DF has become another disease that threatens public health after malaria has become successfully controlled along the China-Myanmar border . However , it i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"ponds",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cognitive",
"psychology",... | 2019 | The Shan people’s health beliefs, knowledge and perceptions of dengue in Eastern Shan Special Region IV, Myanmar |
Despite the central role of estrogen exposure in breast and endometrial cancer development and numerous studies of genes in the estrogen metabolic pathway , polymorphisms within the pathway have not been consistently associated with these cancers . We posit that this is due to the complexity of multiple weak genetic ef... | Estrogen exposure is the most important risk factor for breast and endometrial cancers . Genetic variation of the genes involved in estrogen metabolism has , however , not been consistently associated with these two cancers . We posited that the genetic risk associated with the estrogen metabolic genes is likely to be ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology/breast",
"cancer",
"oncology/gynecological",
"cancers",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/cancer",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Multi-Variant Pathway Association Analysis Reveals the Importance of Genetic Determinants of Estrogen Metabolism in Breast and Endometrial Cancer Susceptibility |
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) has emerged as a pivotal mediator of innate immunity and has been shown to be an important effector molecule in severe sepsis . Melioidosis , caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei , is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast-Asia . We aimed to characteri... | Melioidosis is a severe tropical infection caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei . B . pseudomallei is the major cause of community-acquired septicemia in northeast Thailand with a mortality rate in severe cases of around 40% Little is known , however , about the mechanisms of the host defense to B . pseudo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"pathology/histopathology",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"critical",
... | 2010 | Expression and Function of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Melioidosis |
At present , screening of the population at risk for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is based on detection of antibodies against native variant surface glycoproteins ( VSGs ) of Trypanosoma brucei ( T . b . ) gambiense . Drawbacks of these native VSGs include culture of infective T . b . gambiense trypa... | Control of the chronic form of sleeping sickness or gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) consists of accurate diagnosis followed by treatment . We aim to replace the native variant surface glycoprotein ( VSG ) parasite antigens that are presently used in most antibody detection tests with peptides that can b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Identification of Mimotopes with Diagnostic Potential for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Variant Surface Glycoproteins Using Human Antibody Fractions |
Accurate forecasts of influenza incidence can be used to inform medical and public health decision-making and response efforts . However , forecasting systems are uncommon in most countries , with a few notable exceptions . Here we use publicly available data from the World Health Organization to generate retrospective... | Influenza is responsible for an estimated 3–5 million cases and 300–650 , 000 deaths each year worldwide . If produced early enough , accurate forecasts of influenza activity could guide public health practitioners and medical professionals in preparing for an outbreak , reducing the subsequent morbidity and mortality ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"statistics",
"influenza",
"geographical",
"regions",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"temperate",
"regions",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"seasons",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"regional",
"geography",
"humidity",
"research",
"and... | 2019 | Development and validation of influenza forecasting for 64 temperate and tropical countries |
The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is a complex network of surface proteins , capsular polysaccharides and wall teichoic acids ( WTA ) covalently linked to Peptidoglycan ( PG ) . The absence of WTA has been associated with a reduced pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus ( S . aureus ) . Here , we assessed whether... | Gram-positive bacteria such as the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus have their cell wall exposed to the environment found within a host . Following an infection these bacteria need to find ways to evade or reduce recognition by the host in order to survive and potentially proliferate . The cell wall of Gram... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Wall Teichoic Acids of Staphylococcus aureus Limit Recognition by the Drosophila Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-SA to Promote Pathogenicity |
In convergent-extension ( CE ) , a planar-polarized epithelial tissue elongates ( extends ) in-plane in one direction while shortening ( converging ) in the perpendicular in-plane direction , with the cells both elongating and intercalating along the converging axis . CE occurs during the development of most multicellu... | The development of an embryo from a fertilized egg to an adult organism requires not only cell proliferation and differentiation , but also numerous types of tissue restructuring . The development of a relatively round initial embryo into one elongated along its rostral-caudal axis involves coordinated tissue elongatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"fluid",
"mechanics",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"anisotropy",
"surface",
"tension",
"geometry",
"aspect",
"ratio",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cell",
"polarity",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"ma... | 2016 | Filopodial-Tension Model of Convergent-Extension of Tissues |
Recent outbreaks of locally transmitted dengue and Zika viruses in Florida have placed more emphasis on integrated vector management plans for Aedes aegypti ( L . ) and Aedes albopictus Skuse . Adulticiding , primarily with pyrethroids , is often employed for the immediate control of potentially arbovirus-infected mosq... | Aedes aegypti ( Yellow-fever mosquito ) and Aedes albopictus ( Asian Tiger mosquito ) can vector a variety of arboviruses that cause diseases and are thus a public health concern . Pyrethroid insecticide resistance is common in Ae . aegypti in many locations worldwide and can adversely affect vector control operations ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"north",
"am... | 2018 | Quantification of permethrin resistance and kdr alleles in Florida strains of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) |
During the Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) epidemic in Liberia , contact tracing was implemented to rapidly detect new cases and prevent further transmission . We describe the scope and characteristics of contact tracing in Liberia and assess its performance during the 2014–2015 EVD epidemic . We performed a retrospective ... | Contact tracing is comprised of three main steps: identifying , listing , and monitoring persons who have been exposed to infected individuals , with the goal of rapidly diagnosing and treating new cases and preventing further spread of infection . This approach has been used to control transmission of infectious disea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"africa",
"infectious",
"diseas... | 2018 | Contact tracing performance during the Ebola epidemic in Liberia, 2014-2015 |
Culex species are widespread across Cameroon and responsible for high burden of nuisance in most urban settings . However , despite their high nuisance , they remain less studied compared to anophelines . The present study aimed to assess Culex species distribution , susceptibility to insecticide , bionomics and role i... | Culex species are highly prevalent in both urban and rural settings in Cameroon and are responsible for high nuisance and transmission of pathogens such as Wuchereria bancrofti and arbovirus . Despite the important epidemiological role , that Culex could play , they are still less studied . The current study was conduc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"population",
"biology",
"insect",
"vectors",
"africa",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"... | 2019 | Culex species diversity, susceptibility to insecticides and role as potential vector of Lymphatic filariasis in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon |
A constellation of metabolic disorders , including obesity , dysregulated lipids , and elevations in blood glucose levels , has been associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes . Analysis of data from recently published genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) demonstrated that reduced-function polymorphisms in... | The liver is the major organ for glucose and lipid metabolism; impairment in liver energy metabolism is often found in metabolic disorders . Traditionally , excesses in macronutrients ( fat and glucose ) are linked to the development of metabolic disorders . Our study provides evidence that imbalances in a micronutrien... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"b",
"vitamins",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"carbohydrates",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"glycobiology",
"genome... | 2018 | Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) modulates multiple cardiometabolic traits through effects on hepatic thiamine content |
The peptide repertoire that is presented by the set of HLA class I molecules of an individual is formed by the different players of the antigen processing pathway and the stringent binding environment of the HLA class I molecules . Peptide elution studies have shown that only a subset of the human proteome is sampled b... | HLA class I molecules are expressed on the cell surface of almost all cells of the human body in complex with short fragments ( peptides ) of cytosolic proteins , thereby providing a snapshot of the intracellular state of a cell to circulating CD8+ T cells . Several processes are involved in shaping the peptide ligand ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequence",
"analysis",
"major",
"histocompatibility",
"complex",
"immunology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Proteome Sampling by the HLA Class I Antigen Processing Pathway |
A statistical thermodynamics approach is proposed to determine structurally and functionally important residues in native proteins that are involved in energy exchange with a ligand and other residues along an interaction pathway . The structure-function relationships , ligand binding and allosteric activities of ten s... | We propose a statistical thermodynamics model for determining structurally and functionally important residues in ligand-protein interactions . Our method identifies the path that the protein uses in transferring information from one point to the other . We show that a few energetically active residues are most efficie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions"
] | 2010 | Predicting Important Residues and Interaction Pathways in Proteins Using Gaussian Network Model: Binding and Stability of HLA Proteins |
The scaling relationship between the size of an appendage or organ and that of the body as a whole is tightly regulated during animal development . If a structure grows at a different rate than the rest of the body , this process is termed allometric growth . The zebrafish another longfin ( alf ) mutant shows allometri... | The proportions of an animal can change during its lifetime . This often occurs through the phenomenon of relative growth , or allometry . In humans , for example , the head grows at a lower rate than the body resulting in a change in proportion between children and adults . The regulation of size and proportion is not... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"mutagenesis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"zebrafish",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"organism",
"development",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetic",
"screens",
"genetics",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"electrophysiology",
"mor... | 2014 | Bioelectric Signaling Regulates Size in Zebrafish Fins |
Chagas disease is a vector-borne disease of major importance in the Americas . Disease prevention is mostly limited to vector control . Integrated interventions targeting ecological , biological and social determinants of vector-borne diseases are increasingly used for improved control . We investigated key factors ass... | Chagas disease is a parasitic disease of major importance in the Americas , transmitted by triatomine insects . Integrated control interventions targeting a combination of factors associated with the presence of the insect vectors are increasingly investigated for improved control . Here we identified the factors assoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Eco-Bio-Social Determinants for House Infestation by Non-domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico |
GABAergic interneurons ( INs ) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) shape the information flow from retina to cortex , presumably by controlling the number of visually evoked spikes in geniculate thalamocortical ( TC ) neurons , and refining their receptive field . The INs exhibit a rich variety of firing ... | The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) is a part of the visual thalamus . This region contains two types of neurons: thalamocortical neurons and local interneurons . Thalamocortical neurons receive information from the retina and transmit information to visual cortex . The interneurons regulate the activity of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"visual",
"system",
"computer",
"science",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | A Multi-Compartment Model for Interneurons in the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus |
The microbial communities that inhabit the distal gut of humans and other mammals exhibit large inter-individual variation . While host genetics is a known factor that influences gut microbiota composition , the mechanisms underlying this variation remain largely unknown . Bile acids ( BAs ) are hormones that are produ... | Inter-individual variation in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can in part be attributed to host genetics . However , the specific genes and genetic variants underlying differences in the microbiota remain largely unknown . To address this , we profiled the fecal microbiota composition of 400 genetically di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"microbiome",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"population",
"genetics",
"bile",
"microbiology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"population",
"biology",
"microbial",
"genetics",
"bacteria",
"microbial"... | 2019 | Genetic determinants of gut microbiota composition and bile acid profiles in mice |
Monocytes and T-cells are critical to the host response to acute bacterial infection but monocytes are primarily viewed as amplifying the inflammatory signal . The mechanisms of cell death regulating T-cell numbers at sites of infection are incompletely characterized . T-cell death in cultures of peripheral blood monon... | T-cells are important contributors to the early host response to pneumonia , but their numbers must be tightly regulated to limit inflammatory lung injury . Cell death regulates T-cell numbers but the mechanism of execution influences the inflammatory cost with apoptosis viewed as predominantly anti-inflammatory and ne... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"cell",
"death",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction"
] | 2012 | Monocytes Regulate the Mechanism of T-cell Death by Inducing Fas-Mediated Apoptosis during Bacterial Infection |
Zaire ebolavirus ( ZEBOV ) , a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus , poses serious public health , ecological and potential bioterrorism threats . Currently no specific therapy or vaccine is available . Virus entry is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention . However , current knowledge of the ZEBOV entry mechan... | Filoviruses , including Zaire ebolavirus ( ZEBOV ) , are among the most pathogenic viruses known . Our understanding of how these viruses enter into host cells is very limited . A deeper understanding of this process would enable the design of better targeted antiviral therapies . This study defines in detail , key ste... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"virology",
"microbiology",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2010 | Cellular Entry of Ebola Virus Involves Uptake by a Macropinocytosis-Like Mechanism and Subsequent Trafficking through Early and Late Endosomes |
GcvB is an archetypal multi-target small RNA regulator of genes involved in amino acid uptake or metabolism in enteric bacteria . Included in the GcvB regulon is the yifK locus , encoding a conserved putative amino acid transporter . GcvB inhibits yifK mRNA translation by pairing with a sequence immediately upstream fr... | The majority of small RNA ( sRNA ) regulators in bacteria act by inhibiting translation initiation in target messenger RNAs . The study of this regulatory mechanism not only allows a better understanding of sRNA function but it can also provide new insight into aspects of the translation initiation process that remain ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2014 | Translation Enhancing ACA Motifs and Their Silencing by a Bacterial Small Regulatory RNA |
Sjögren’s syndrome ( SS ) is a common , autoimmune exocrinopathy distinguished by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia . Patients frequently develop serious complications including lymphoma , pulmonary dysfunction , neuropathy , vasculitis , and debilitating fatigue . Dysregulation of type I interferon ( IFN ) pat... | Sjögren’s syndrome ( SS ) is a common autoimmune condition where immune cells infiltrate moisture-producing glands , leading to dryness typically in the eyes and mouth . SS patients also manifest debilitating fatigue as well as other diseases in liver , lung , kidney , and skin . The cause of this complex disease is st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"body",
"fluids",
"immunology",
"autoantibodies",
"alternative",
"splicing",
"protein",
"expression",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"antibodies",
"res... | 2017 | Identification of a Sjögren's syndrome susceptibility locus at OAS1 that influences isoform switching, protein expression, and responsiveness to type I interferons |
Enteroviruses , members of the family of picornaviruses , are the most common viral infectious agents in humans causing a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from mild respiratory illnesses to life-threatening infections . To efficiently replicate within the host cell , enteroviruses hijack several host factors , such a... | Enteroviruses are the most common viruses infecting humans . They cause a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from common cold to life-threatening diseases , such as poliomyelitis . To date , no effective antiviral therapy for enteroviruses has been approved yet . To ensure efficient replication , enteroviruses hijack s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"crystallography",
"physical",
"chemistry"... | 2019 | Convergent evolution in the mechanisms of ACBD3 recruitment to picornavirus replication sites |
Coarse-grained ( CG ) simulations have become an essential tool to study a large variety of biomolecular processes , exploring temporal and spatial scales inaccessible to traditional models of atomistic resolution . One of the major simplifications of CG models is the representation of the solvent , which is either imp... | Many biomolecular processes involve charged species moving between regions of high polarity , such as the water phase , and regions of lower polarity , such as the lipid membrane . Due to the change in electrostatic screening between these two environments , the strength of the interactions between the moving charge an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation"
] | 2010 | Polarizable Water Model for the Coarse-Grained MARTINI Force Field |
Schistosomiasis japonica is a serious debilitating and sometimes fatal disease . Accurate diagnostic tests play a key role in patient management and control of the disease . However , currently available diagnostic methods are not ideal , and the detection of the parasite DNA in blood samples has turned out to be one o... | Schistosomiasis remains a serious parasitic disease worldwide . Adequate case-finding is important and crucial for the effective control programs as schistosomiasis control programs are chiefly based on treatment of infected populations . However , the currently available diagnostic assays are not ideal , and DNA detec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dna",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Sensitive and Specific Target Sequences Selected from Retrotransposons of Schistosoma japonicum for the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis |
The C . elegans germline is pluripotent and mitotic , similar to self-renewing mammalian tissues . Apoptosis is triggered as part of the normal oogenesis program , and is increased in response to various stresses . Here , we examined the effect of endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress on apoptosis in the C . elegans germ... | Cells in the C . elegans germline undergo programmed cell death as part of the normal developmental program and in response to various stresses . Here , we discovered that more germ cells undergo programmed cell death under stress conditions associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"organisms",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | It's All in Your Mind: Determining Germ Cell Fate by Neuronal IRE-1 in C. elegans |
Subcutaneous immunization delivers antigen ( Ag ) to local Ag-presenting cells that subsequently migrate into draining lymph nodes ( LNs ) . There , they initiate the activation and expansion of lymphocytes specific for their cognate Ag . In mammals , the structural environment of secondary lymphoid tissues ( SLTs ) is... | Lymph nodes ( LNs ) are believed to be the most important tissues initiating immune responses by facilitating the activation of T and B lymphocytes . Mice lacking such LNs ( called alymphoplastic ) are severely immune compromised and resistant to immunizations . We discovered that the immune-deficiency of such alymphop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"surgery/transplantation",
"immunology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"neuroscience/neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"immunology/autoimmunity",
"immunology/leukocyte",
... | 2009 | Neo-Lymphoid Aggregates in the Adult Liver Can Initiate Potent Cell-Mediated Immunity |
Oncolytic viruses replicate selectively in tumor cells and can serve as targeted treatment agents . While promising results have been observed in clinical trials , consistent success of therapy remains elusive . The dynamics of virus spread through tumor cell populations has been studied both experimentally and computa... | Traditional chemotherapy of cancers is characterized by strong side effects , while showing a low success rate in the long term control of tumors . Besides small molecule inhibitors , which have shown great promise , oncolytic viruses present an emerging specific treatment approach . They are engineered viruses that sp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Complex Spatial Dynamics of Oncolytic Viruses In Vitro: Mathematical and Experimental Approaches |
A powerful way of gaining insight into biological systems is by creating a nonlinear differential equation model , which usually contains many unknown parameters . Such a model is called structurally identifiable if it is possible to determine the values of its parameters from measurements of the model outputs . Struct... | Advances in computing power have facilitated the development of increasingly larger dynamic models of biological processes , which usually have many unknown parameters . Often times , such models contain parameters that are structurally unidentifiable , i . e . , they cannot be uniquely determined from experiments . An... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biological",
"cultures",
"brassica",
"optimization",
"model",
"organisms",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"pharmacology",
"plants",
"drug",
"metabolism",
"mapk",
"signaling",
"cascades",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"met... | 2016 | Structural Identifiability of Dynamic Systems Biology Models |
Genetic variants that are associated with common human diseases do not lead directly to disease , but instead act on intermediate , molecular phenotypes that in turn induce changes in higher-order disease traits . Therefore , identifying the molecular phenotypes that vary in response to changes in DNA and that also ass... | Genome-wide association studies seek to identify regions of the genome in which changes in DNA in a given population are correlated with disease , drug response , or other phenotypes of interest . However , changes in DNA that associate with traits like common human diseases do not lead directly to disease , but instea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders"
] | 2008 | Mapping the Genetic Architecture of Gene Expression in Human Liver |
To form a percept of the environment , the brain needs to solve the binding problem—inferring whether signals come from a common cause and are integrated or come from independent causes and are segregated . Behaviourally , humans solve this problem near-optimally as predicted by Bayesian causal inference; but the neura... | The ability to tell whether various sensory signals come from the same or different sources is essential for forming a coherent percept of the environment . For example , when crossing a busy road at dusk , seeing and hearing an approaching car helps us estimate its location better , but only if its visual image is ass... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"acoustics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"audio",
"signal",
"processing",
"visual",
"signals",
"signal",
"processing",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"clinical",
"me... | 2019 | To integrate or not to integrate: Temporal dynamics of hierarchical Bayesian causal inference |
Although the major structural transitions in molecular motors are often argued to couple to the binding of Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) , the recovery stroke in the conventional myosin has been shown to be dependent on the hydrolysis of ATP . To obtain a clearer mechanistic picture for such “mechanochemical coupling”... | The hydrolysis of Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) provides the energy for most life processes , including the motility of molecular motors . How the chemical energy of hydrolysis is converted into mechanical work in these fascinating “nanomachines” is a central question that has only been answered in an outline form for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"in",
"vitro",
"none",
"molecular",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Mechanochemical Coupling in the Myosin Motor Domain. I. Insights from Equilibrium Active-Site Simulations |
Intracellular acting protein exotoxins produced by bacteria and plants are important molecular determinants that drive numerous human diseases . A subset of these toxins , the cytolethal distending toxins ( CDTs ) , are encoded by several Gram-negative pathogens and have been proposed to enhance virulence by allowing e... | Cytolethal distending toxins ( CDTs ) are produced by several bacterial pathogens and increase the ability of these bacteria to cause disease . After being taken up by host cells , CDTs are trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) where they must translocate across the ER membrane to gain access to their intracel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gram",
"negative",
"bacteria",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology... | 2014 | Cytolethal Distending Toxins Require Components of the ER-Associated Degradation Pathway for Host Cell Entry |
In contrast to large GWA studies based on thousands of individuals and large meta-analyses combining GWAS results , we analyzed a small case/control sample for uric acid nephrolithiasis . Our cohort of closely related individuals is derived from a small , genetically isolated village in Sardinia , with well-characteriz... | There are a number of factors that contribute to renal stone formation , including diet and obesity , specific drugs , other diseases , climate changes , metabolic disorders , and genetic predisposition . In this article , we focus on identifying genomic regions that may be involved with nephrolithiasis associated with... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Application of a New Method for GWAS in a Related Case/Control Sample with Known Pedigree Structure: Identification of New Loci for Nephrolithiasis |
The Gran Chaco ecoregion , a hotspot for Chagas and other neglected tropical diseases , is home to >20 indigenous peoples . Our objective was to identify the main ecological and sociodemographic determinants of house infestation and abundance of Triatoma infestans in traditional Qom populations including a Creole minor... | Indigenous peoples are especially affected by Chagas and other neglected tropical diseases . One of the most numerous ethnic groups in the Gran Chaco region of South America is the Qom ( Toba ) people . The living conditions of Qom households most likely differ substantially from those of Creoles , and their associatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Ecological and Sociodemographic Determinants of House Infestation by Triatoma infestans in Indigenous Communities of the Argentine Chaco |
Widespread but particularly incident in the tropics , leptospirosis is transmitted to humans directly or indirectly by virtually any Mammal species . However , rodents are recognized as the most important reservoir . In endemic regions , seasonal outbreaks are observed during hot rainy periods . In such regions , hot s... | In this study , we surveyed rodents and their Leptospira carriage in an area where human leptospirosis is hyper-endemic . We evidenced the well-known associations between specific rodent species and particular leptospires in both mice and rats . Overall , the observed Leptospira prevalence was in the range 18–47% depen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"applied",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"disease",
"ecology",
"environmental",
"epidemiolog... | 2011 | Rodent Abundance Dynamics and Leptospirosis Carriage in an Area of Hyper-Endemicity in New Caledonia |
Genetic interactions , a phenomenon whereby combinations of mutations lead to unexpected effects , reflect how cellular processes are wired and play an important role in complex genetic diseases . Understanding the molecular basis of genetic interactions is crucial for deciphering pathway organization as well as unders... | The relationship between genotype and phenotype is one of the major challenges in biology . While many previous studies have identified genes involved in complex genetic diseases , there is still a gap between genotype and phenotype . One of the difficulties in filling this gap has been attributed to genetic interactio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"enzymology",
"phosphatases",
"dna",
"transcription",
"regulator",
"genes",
"transcription",
"factors",
"gene",
"types",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"mutagenesis",
"and",
"gene... | 2019 | The ability of transcription factors to differentially regulate gene expression is a crucial component of the mechanism underlying inversion, a frequently observed genetic interaction pattern |
Although transposable elements ( TEs ) are known to be potent sources of mutation , their contribution to the generation of recent adaptive changes has never been systematically assessed . In this work , we conduct a genome-wide screen for adaptive TE insertions in Drosophila melanogaster that have taken place during o... | Transposable elements ( TEs ) are present in virtually all species and often contribute a substantial fraction of the genome size . Understanding the functional roles , evolution , and population dynamics of TEs is essential to understanding genome evolution and function . Much of our knowledge about TE population dyna... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | High Rate of Recent Transposable Element–Induced Adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans with more than two thirds of the global cases reported in West Africa . A nationwide active BU case search conducted in 1999 identified two health districts along the Offin River as two of the three most endemic districts in Ghana... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and more than two thirds of the global cases reported in West Africa . The Offin has been considered the most endemic river valley in Ghana following a nationwide active case search conducted in 1999 . Here , we present findings of an exhau... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rivers",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"aqua... | 2016 | Burden and Historical Trend of Buruli Ulcer Prevalence in Selected Communities along the Offin River of Ghana |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) has reemerged as a life threatening pathogen and caused large epidemics in several countries . So far , no licensed vaccine or effective antivirals are available and the treatment remains symptomatic . In this context , development of effective and safe prophylactics and therapeutics assumes... | Despite having immense medical importance , still vaccine , chemoprophylactic , or effective therapeutic measures are not commercially available for chikungunya . Only strict attention to good infection control practices may prevent CHIKV infection . The pathogenic properties of CHIKV necessitate the development of an ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Administration of E2 and NS1 siRNAs Inhibit Chikungunya Virus Replication In Vitro and Protects Mice Infected with the Virus |
The segmented structure of the influenza virus genome plays a pivotal role in its adaptation to new hosts and the emergence of pandemics . Despite concerns about the pandemic threat posed by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses , little is known about the biological properties of H5N1 viruses that may emerge ... | The influenza pandemics of 1957 and 1968 were caused by hybrid viruses consisting of a mixture of human and avian influenza genes . The introduction of avian genes resulted in a sudden change of the virus surface antigens , allowing its worldwide spread due to lack of immunity in the population . The highly pathogenic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Genetic Compatibility and Virulence of Reassortants Derived from Contemporary Avian H5N1 and Human H3N2 Influenza A Viruses |
Leprosy reversal reactions type 1 ( T1R ) are acute immune episodes that affect a subset of leprosy patients and remain a major cause of nerve damage . Little is known about the relative importance of innate versus environmental factors in the pathogenesis of T1R . In a retrospective design , we evaluated innate differ... | Leprosy type 1 reversal reactions ( T1R ) are an important cause of nerve damage in leprosy patients and accurate prediction of patients at increased risk of T1R is a major challenge of current leprosy control . The incidence of T1R differs widely from 6% to 67% of leprosy patients in different leprosy endemic settings... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"medicine",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"gene",
"expression",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"leprosy",
"biology",
"genomic... | 2013 | Gene Set Signature of Reversal Reaction Type I in Leprosy Patients |
In the prevailing model of HIV-1 trans-infection , dendritic cells ( DCs ) capture and internalize intact virions and transfer these virions to interacting T cells at the virological synapse . Here , we show that HIV-1 virions transmitted in trans from in vitro derived DCs to T cells principally originate from the surf... | Dendritic cells ( DCs ) patrol peripheral mucosal sites , capturing and processing potential pathogens into antigenic peptides for presentation to T cells of lymphoid organs , and thereby initiating an immune response . HIV-1 had been proposed to use DCs as “Trojan horses , ” hiding inside the DCs and surviving the deg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"homo",
"(human)",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"eukaryotes"
] | 2007 | In Vitro Derived Dendritic Cells trans-Infect CD4 T Cells Primarily with Surface-Bound HIV-1 Virions |
The cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) is initiated by the MRX/MRN complex ( Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 in yeast; Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 in mammals ) , which recruits the checkpoint kinase Tel1/ATM to DSBs . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the role of Tel1 at DSBs remains enigmatic , as tel1Δ cells do not show obviou... | Many tumors contain mutations that confer defects in repairing DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) . In both yeast and mammals , the MRX/MRN complex ( Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 in yeast; Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 in mammals ) plays critical functions in repairing a DSB by either nonhomologous end joining ( NHEJ ) or homologous recombinati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"immunology",
"biological",
"cultures",
"carbohydrates",
"galactose",
"organic",
"compounds",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"dna",
"damage",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"cell",
"cult... | 2016 | Tel1 and Rif2 Regulate MRX Functions in End-Tethering and Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks |
There is increasing evidence suggesting that short telomeres and subsequent genomic instability contribute to malignant transformation . Telomere shortening has been described as a mechanism to explain genetic anticipation in dyskeratosis congenita and Li-Fraumeni syndrome . Since genetic anticipation has been observed... | The fact that accelerated telomere shortening accompanies different premature aging syndromes and seems to be associated with increased risk of cancer development prompted us to analyze the role of telomere length in hereditary breast cancer . In this study we found that telomeres of peripheral blood cells from familia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"breast",
"tumors",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"haploinsufficiency",
"genetic",
"testing",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"human",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Genetic Anticipation Is Associated with Telomere Shortening in Hereditary Breast Cancer |
Enteric fevers , caused by the Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi ( ST ) , Paratyphi A ( PA ) and Paratyphi B ( PB ) , are life-threatening illnesses exhibiting very similar clinical symptoms but with distinct epidemiologies , geographical distributions and susceptibilities to antimicrobial treatment . Nevertheless , t... | Enteric fevers are acute illnesses caused mainly by the Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi ( ST ) , Paratyphi A ( PA ) and Paratyphi B ( PB ) . The incidence of enteric fevers is very low in industrialized countries , with most infections occurring in military personnel and individuals traveling to endemic areas . Neve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"salmonellosis"... | 2019 | Crosstalk between leukocytes triggers differential immune responses against Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi |
Histone chaperones facilitate assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes . Understanding the process of how histone chaperones associate and dissociate from the histones can help clarify their roles in chromosome metabolism . Some histone chaperones are intrinsically disordered proteins ( IDPs ) . Recent studies of IDPs r... | Histone chaperones facilitate the assembly and disassembly of nucleosome by interacting with the corresponding histones or histone variants . As the biomolecules in nucleosome are highly charged , electrostatic interactions are particularly important in these processes . The experiments have explored that the histone c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"protein",
"folding",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | Importance of Electrostatic Interactions in the Association of Intrinsically Disordered Histone Chaperone Chz1 and Histone H2A.Z-H2B |
Numerous urban villages ( UVs ) and frequent infectious disease outbreaks are major environmental and public health concerns in highly urbanized regions , especially in developing countries . However , the spatial and quantitative associations between UVs and infections remain little understood on a fine scale . In thi... | Due to the rapid urbanization of China , many villages in the urban fringe are enveloped by ever-expanding cities and become so-called urban villages ( UVs ) . UVs are widely distributed in not only the Guangzhou core areas but also the other cities in the highly urbanized region of China ( e . g . , Shenzhen , Wuhan )... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"transportation",
"china",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals"... | 2019 | Urban villages as transfer stations for dengue fever epidemic: A case study in the Guangzhou, China |
Mechanical stability is a key feature in the regulation of structural scaffolding proteins and their functions . Despite the abundance of α-helical structures among the human proteome and their undisputed importance in health and disease , the fundamental principles of their behavior under mechanical load are poorly un... | In order to migrate and survive , most cells need to be attached to their environment . Cells anchor to the extracellular matrix via transmembrane integrin , connecting it to contractile the cytoskeleton . Similarly , cell-cell contacts are formed via transmembrane cadherin , which also connects to the contractile cyto... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"focal",
"adhesions",
"organic",
"compounds",
"mutation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"amino",
"acids",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"cytoskeleton",
"cysteine",
"proteins",
"adhesion",
"molecules",
"st... | 2018 | Mechanical unfolding reveals stable 3-helix intermediates in talin and α-catenin |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) , particularly the USA300 strain , is a highly virulent pathogen responsible for an increasing number of skin and soft tissue infections globally . Furthermore , MRSA-induced soft tissue infections can rapidly progress into life-threatening conditions , such as sepsi... | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) is a highly virulent pathogen responsible for a significant portion of skin and soft tissue infections throughout the world . We investigated the role of neutrophils in soft tissue infections , as these immune cells have been shown to be both essential for clearance ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Neutrophil Crawling in Capillaries; A Novel Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus |
Dysbiosis , or the imbalance in the structural and/or functional properties of the microbiome , is at the origin of important infectious inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) and periodontal disease . Periodontitis is a polymicrobial inflammatory disease that affects a large proportion of the... | Homeostasis of the human microbiome plays a key role in maintaining the healthy status of the human body . Changes in composition and function of the human microbiome ( dysbiosis ) are at the origin of important infectious inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) and periodontal disease . Howeve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"periodontal",
"diseases",
"cytokines",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"genomic",
"databases",
"developme... | 2017 | Potassium is a key signal in host-microbiome dysbiosis in periodontitis |
Microorganisms rarely live isolated in their natural environments but rather function in consolidated and socializing communities . Despite the growing availability of high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic data , we still know very little about the metabolic contributions of individual microbial players within an ... | Microorganisms rarely live isolated in their natural environments but rather function in consolidated and socializing communities . Despite the growing availability of experimental data , we still know very little about the metabolic contributions of individual species within an ecological niche and the extent and dire... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | OptCom: A Multi-Level Optimization Framework for the Metabolic Modeling and Analysis of Microbial Communities |
The intrinsic ability of cells to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions is a fundamental process required for survival . Potassium is the most abundant cation in living cells and is required for essential cellular processes , including the regulation of cell volume , pH and protein synthesis . Yeast cells c... | Without potassium , all living cells will die; it has to be present in sufficient amounts for the proper function of most cell types . Disturbances in potassium levels in animal cells result in potentially fatal conditions and it is also an essential nutrient for plants and fungi . Cells have developed effective mechan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"control",
"theory",
"mathematics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"signaling",
"networks"
] | 2012 | Potassium Starvation in Yeast: Mechanisms of Homeostasis Revealed by Mathematical Modeling |
The study of chromosomal organization and segregation in a handful of bacteria has revealed surprising variety in the mechanisms mediating such fundamental processes . In this study , we further emphasized this diversity by revealing an original organization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome . We analyzed the lo... | The processes of chromosomal disposition , replication , and segregation in bacteria have been characterized only in a handful of species , yet there is remarkable diversity in the ways such fundamental processes are managed . In this study , we analyzed the subcellular chromosomal organization of Pseudomonas aeruginos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gram",
"negative",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2013 | Chromosomal Organization and Segregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . Current chemotherapy against this disease is based on the administration of benzimidazoles ( BZMs ) . However , BZM treatment has a low cure rate and causes several side effects . Therefore , new treat... | In this work we demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Glb against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . At the cellular level , the drug triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels , thus affecting ATP generation in the parasite . In addition , since intra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cestodes",
"helminths",
"depolarization",
"membrane",
"potential",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"electrophysiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
... | 2017 | Anthelminthic activity of glibenclamide on secondary cystic echinococcosis in mice |
Sex chromosome dosage differences between females and males are a significant form of natural genetic variation in many species . Like many species with chromosomal sex determination , Drosophila females have two X chromosomes , while males have one X and one Y . Fusions of sex chromosomes with autosomes have occurred ... | Many animals have sex-specific combinations of chromosomes . In humans , for example , females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y . In most species with XX:XY systems , the Y chromosome is degenerate and gene-poor while the X encodes a large number of functional genes . A variety of systems have ev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"embryology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"development",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"... | 2014 | Sex-Specific Embryonic Gene Expression in Species with Newly Evolved Sex Chromosomes |
Whether evolution is erratic due to random historical details , or is repeatedly directed along similar paths by certain constraints , remains unclear . Epistasis ( i . e . non-additive interaction between mutations that affect fitness ) is a mechanism that can contribute to both scenarios . Epistasis can constrain the... | A long-term goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the factors that govern the outcome of evolution . Epistasis ( i . e . the situation in which the fitness effect of a mutation depends on its genetic background ) is one such factor . Epistasis not only affects the dynamics of evolution , it may also direct its ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Initial Mutations Direct Alternative Pathways of Protein Evolution |
Entomopathogenic fungi have been investigated as an alternative tool for controlling various insects , including triatomine vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease . Here we tested the pathogenicity and virulence of ten isolates of the fungi Metarhizium spp . and Beauveria b... | Entomopathogenic fungi have potential for use in biopesticides for control of vectors of medical importance . As they are biological agents , however , a range of factors may affect their efficacy for this purpose , including temperature and interactions with the vectored parasite . Little is known about how the infect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"nymphs",
"protozoans",
"fungal",
"dise... | 2016 | Screening of Fungi for Biological Control of a Triatomine Vector of Chagas Disease: Temperature and Trypanosome Infection as Factors |
We determined female genome sizes using flow cytometry for 211 Drosophila melanogaster sequenced inbred strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel , and found significant conspecific and intrapopulation variation in genome size . We also compared several life history traits for 25 lines with large and 25 lines... | Genome size evolution is ubiquitous , and–even after decades of research–mysterious . There are two major classes of hypotheses regarding genome size evolution , those that attribute its causes to evolutionarily neutral processes and those that suggest a role for selection . Numerous correlations between genome size an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"invertebrates",
"population",
"genetics",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"genome",
"analysis",
"epi... | 2014 | Intrapopulation Genome Size Variation in D. melanogaster Reflects Life History Variation and Plasticity |
Mycolactone is a lipid-like endotoxin synthesized by an environmental human pathogen , Mycobacterium ulcerans , the causal agent of Buruli ulcer disease . Mycolactone has pleiotropic effects on fundamental cellular processes ( cell adhesion , cell death and inflammation ) . Various cellular targets of mycolactone have ... | Buruli ulcer is a necrotizing skin disease caused by an environmental mycobacterial pathogen . The pathogenesis of this neglected tropical disease involves the production of a toxin , mycolactone , which spreads through the tissues , away from the infecting organisms . Mycolactone has pleiotropic effects on fundamental... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"materials",
"science",
"surfactants",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"lipids",
"geography",
"deterg... | 2018 | The potent effect of mycolactone on lipid membranes |
State-space and action representations form the building blocks of decision-making processes in the brain; states map external cues to the current situation of the agent whereas actions provide the set of motor commands from which the agent can choose to achieve specific goals . Although these factors differ across env... | Everyday decision-making tasks typically require taking multiple actions and passing through multiple states before reaching desired goals . Such states constitute the state-space of the task . Here we show that , contrary to current assumptions , the state-space is not static but rather expands during training as subj... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials"
] | [
"learning",
"decision",
"making",
"statistics",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"mammals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"animal",
"models",
"regression",
"analysis",
"model",
"organisms",
"cog... | 2019 | Learning the structure of the world: The adaptive nature of state-space and action representations in multi-stage decision-making |
Intestinal cestodes are infecting millions of people and livestock worldwide , but treatment is mainly based on one drug: praziquantel . The identification of new anti-cestodal compounds is hampered by the lack of suitable screening assays . It is difficult , or even impossible , to evaluate drugs against adult cestode... | Tapeworms ( cestodes ) are a medically important group of helminths that infect humans and animals all around the globe . The clinical signs caused by intestinal infection with adult cestodes are mostly mild , in contrast to the more severe disease symptoms inflicted by infection with the tissue-dwelling larval stages ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"stereoisomers",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"cestodes",
"helminths",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"drug",
"screening",
"isomerism",
"nematode",
"infections",
"pharmaceutics",
"microscopy... | 2017 | Development of a movement-based in vitro screening assay for the identification of new anti-cestodal compounds |
The yeast Fps1 protein is an aquaglyceroporin that functions as the major facilitator of glycerol transport in response to changes in extracellular osmolarity . Although the High Osmolarity Glycerol pathway is thought to have a function in at least basal control of Fps1 activity , its mode of regulation is not understo... | When challenged by changes in extracellular osmolarity , many fungal species regulate their intracellular glycerol concentration to modulate their internal osmotic pressure . Maintenance of osmotic homeostasis prevents either cellular collapse under hyper-osmotic stress or cell rupture under hypo-osmotic stress . In ba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2009 | Identification of Positive Regulators of the Yeast Fps1 Glycerol Channel |
Histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) 4 is a transcriptional repressor that contains a glutamine-rich domain . We hypothesised that it may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington's disease ( HD ) , a protein-folding neurodegenerative disorder caused by an aggregation-prone polyglutamine expansion in the huntingt... | Huntington's disease ( HD ) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by protein-folding defects in the huntingtin protein . Mutations in huntingtin can result in extra-long tracts of the amino acid glutamine , resulting in aberrant interactions with other proteins and also causing huntingtin proteins to self-a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | HDAC4 Reduction: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Target Cytoplasmic Huntingtin and Ameliorate Neurodegeneration |
Human T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin-domain containing proteins ( TIM1 , 3 , and 4 ) specifically bind phosphatidylserine ( PS ) . TIM1 has been proposed to serve as a cellular receptor for hepatitis A virus and Ebola virus and as an entry factor for dengue virus . Here we show that TIM1 promotes infection of retrovir... | To infect cells , enveloped viruses typically utilize cellular receptors , which mediate specific , high-affinity interactions with the viral entry protein and prime the entry protein for subsequent steps in the viral entry process . Viral entry is also enhanced by attachment factors . Although less specific than recep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"attachment",
"viral",
"entry",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | TIM-family Proteins Promote Infection of Multiple Enveloped Viruses through Virion-associated Phosphatidylserine |
Productive HIV infection of CD4+ T cells leads to a caspase-independent cell death pathway associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization ( LMP ) and cathepsin release , resulting in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization ( MOMP ) . Herein , we demonstrate that HIV infection induces damage-regulated autopha... | Lysosomes are acidic organelles capable of digesting macromolecules and regulating autophagy . In the context of host-pathogen interactions , productive viral infections are associated with lysosome membrane permeabilization ( LMP ) and programmed cell death ( PCD ) . At a molecular level , the tumor suppressor protein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | DRAM Triggers Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization and Cell Death in CD4+ T Cells Infected with HIV |
Chromatin insulators are eukaryotic genome elements that upon binding of specific proteins display barrier and/or enhancer-blocking activity . Although several insulators have been described throughout various metazoans , much less is known about proteins that mediate their functions . This article deals with the ident... | Mounting evidence in several model organisms collectively demonstrates a role for the DNA-protein complexes known as chromatin insulators in orchestrating the functional domain organization of the eukaryotic genome . Several DNA elements displaying features of insulators , viz barrier and/or directional enhancer-blocki... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Compass-like Locus, Exclusive to the Ambulacrarians, Encodes a Chromatin Insulator Binding Protein in the Sea Urchin Embryo |
Cocktails of drugs can be more effective than single drugs , because they can potentially work at lower doses and avoid resistance . However , it is impossible to test all drug cocktails drawn from a large set of drugs because of the huge number of combinations . To overcome this combinatorial explosion problem , one c... | Drug cocktails are a promising strategy for diseases such as cancer and infections , because cocktails can be more effective than individual drugs and can overcome problems of drug resistance . However , finding the best cocktail comprising a given set of drugs is challenging because the number of experiments needed is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"hela",
"cells",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"drugs",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"drug",
"screening",
"pharmaceutics",
"antibiotics",
"cell",
"cultures",
"pharm... | 2017 | Prediction of drug cocktail effects when the number of measurements is limited |
The identification of regulatory elements from different cell types is necessary for understanding the mechanisms controlling cell type–specific and housekeeping gene expression . Mapping DNaseI hypersensitive ( HS ) sites is an accurate method for identifying the location of functional regulatory elements . We used a ... | There are many different types of gene regulatory elements that control gene expression . Identifying the location of these regulatory elements in the genome , as well as understanding how exactly they control gene expression in different cell types , has been a major challenge . Here , we use a relatively new strategy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Identification and Characterization of Cell Type–Specific and Ubiquitous Chromatin Regulatory Structures in the Human Genome |
Trypanosoma vivax , one of the leading parasites responsible for Animal African Trypanosomosis ( Nagana ) , is generally cyclically transmitted by Glossina spp . but in areas devoid of the tsetse flies in Africa or in Latin American countries is mechanically transmitted across vertebrate hosts by other haematophagous i... | Very little work has been performed on Trypanosoma vivax for decades , but the recent development of murine infection models and axenic cultures has enabled the genetic manipulation of this parasite and has opened the door to a more in-depth understanding of its biology and the infectious process that leads to animal t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Non-Invasive In Vivo Study of the Trypanosoma vivax Infectious Process Consolidates the Brain Commitment in Late Infections |
Type III secretion systems ( T3SSs ) are essential virulence factors of numerous bacterial pathogens . Upon host cell contact the T3SS machinery—also named injectisome—assembles a pore complex/translocon within host cell membranes that serves as an entry gate for the bacterial effectors . Whether and how translocons ar... | Many human , animal and plant pathogenic bacteria employ a molecular machine termed injectisome to inject their toxins into host cells . Because injectisomes are crucial for these bacteria’s infectious potential they have been considered as targets for antiinfective drugs . Injectisomes are highly similar between the d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"hela",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"light",
"mic... | 2018 | Visualization of translocons in Yersinia type III protein secretion machines during host cell infection |
Since emerging in Saint Martin in 2013 , chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , an alphavirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito , has infected approximately two million individuals in the Americas , with over 500 , 000 reported cases in the Dominican Republic ( DR ) . CHIKV-infected patients typically present with a feb... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is known for its ability to cause explosive outbreaks of flu-like illness followed by severe joint pain and swelling , which can persist for months to several years . We tested patient serum of both suspected and unsuspected chikungunya fever ( CHIKF ) cases collected at an emergency clinic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"alphaviruses",
"pulmonology",
"viruses",
"chikungunya",
"viru... | 2016 | Molecular Virologic and Clinical Characteristics of a Chikungunya Fever Outbreak in La Romana, Dominican Republic, 2014 |
In light of increased co-prescription of multiple drugs , the ability to discern and predict drug-drug interactions ( DDI ) has become crucial to guarantee the safety of patients undergoing treatment with multiple drugs . However , information on DDI profiles is incomplete and the experimental determination of DDIs is ... | Adverse drug-drug interactions are adverse side effects caused by taking two or more drugs together . As co-prescription of multiple drugs becomes an increasingly prevalent practice , affecting 42 . 2% of Americans over 65 years old , adverse drug-drug interactions have become a serious safety concern , accounting for ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"machine",
"learning",
"drug-drug",
"interactions",
"drug",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"a... | 2019 | Leveraging genetic interactions for adverse drug-drug interaction prediction |
The cerebellum is a brain structure which has been traditionally devoted to supervised learning . According to this theory , plasticity at the Parallel Fiber ( PF ) to Purkinje Cell ( PC ) synapses is guided by the Climbing fibers ( CF ) , which encode an ‘error signal’ . Purkinje cells have thus been modeled as percep... | Learning properties of neuronal networks have been extensively studied using methods from statistical physics . However , most of these studies ignore a fundamental constraint in networks of real neurons: synapses are either excitatory or inhibitory , and cannot change sign during learning . Here , we characterize the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"computer",
"science",
"mathematics",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Optimal Properties of Analog Perceptrons with Excitatory Weights |
Kenya and Uganda have reported different Human African Trypanosomiasis incidences in the past more than three decades , with the latter recording more cases . This cross-sectional study assessed the demographic characteristics , tsetse and trypanosomiasis control practices , socio-economic and cultural risk factors inf... | The prevention and control of Human African Trypanosomiasis depends on application of knowledge and appropriate technologies to modify tsetse ecology by community members and relevant stakeholders . In our study Ugandan districts reported more T . b . r . than the neighboring districts in Kenya in the past 30–50 years ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Socio-Economic and Cultural Determinants of Human African Trypanosomiasis at the Kenya – Uganda Transboundary |
The advent of Next-Generation Sequencing ( NGS ) technologies has opened new perspectives in deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying complex diseases . Nowadays , the amount of genomic data is massive and substantial efforts and new tools are required to unveil the information hidden in the data . The Genomic Dat... | The advent of Next-Generation Sequencing ( NGS ) technologies has been generating a massive amount of data which require continuous efforts in developing and maintain computational tool for data analyses . The Genomic Data Commons ( GDC ) Data Portal is a platform that contains different cancer genomic studies . Such p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results"
] | [
"cancer",
"genomics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"carcinomas",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"endometrial",
"carcinoma",
"gastrointestinal",
"tumors",
"liver",
"diseases",
"oncology",
"gastroente... | 2019 | New functionalities in the TCGAbiolinks package for the study and integration of cancer data from GDC and GTEx |
Genetic exchange by a process of genome-segment ‘reassortment’ represents an important mechanism for evolutionary change in all viruses with segmented genomes , yet in many cases a detailed understanding of its frequency and biological consequences is lacking . We provide a comprehensive assessment of reassortment in b... | Segmented viruses have genomes that are separated into multiple segments , comparable to chromosomes in higher organisms . When two segmented viruses of the same species infect the same cell , their progeny may incorporate segments picked up from the “parental” viruses . This process is called “reassortment” and repres... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Widespread Reassortment Shapes the Evolution and Epidemiology of Bluetongue Virus following European Invasion |
Cystine-knot miniproteins ( knottins ) are promising molecular scaffolds for protein engineering applications . Members of the knottin family have multiple loops capable of displaying conformationally constrained polypeptides for molecular recognition . While previous studies have illustrated the potential of engineeri... | The use of engineered proteins in medicine and biotechnology has surged in recent years . An emerging approach for developing novel proteins is to use a naturally-occurring protein as a molecular framework , or scaffold , wherein amino acid mutations are introduced to elicit new properties , such as the ability to reco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
"evolution",
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"biochemistry/bioinformatics",
"biochemistry/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biotechno... | 2009 | Interrogating and Predicting Tolerated Sequence Diversity in Protein Folds: Application to E. elaterium Trypsin Inhibitor-II Cystine-Knot Miniprotein |
In this paper , we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of calcium signals in multicellular structures composed of human endothelial cells . We consider multicellular structures composed of a single chain of cells as well as a chain of cells with a side branch , namely a “T” structur... | Calcium wave signal has been found in a wide variety of cell types . Over the last years , a large number of calcium experiments have shown that calcium signal is not only an intracellular regulator but is also able to be transmitted to surrounding cells as intercellular signal . This paper focuses on the development o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"materials",
"science",
"biology",
"engineering"
] | 2012 | Calcium Wave Propagation in Networks of Endothelial Cells: Model-based Theoretical and Experimental Study |
The health of the honeybee and , indirectly , global crop production are threatened by several biotic and abiotic factors , which play a poorly defined role in the induction of widespread colony losses . Recent descriptive studies suggest that colony losses are often related to the interaction between pathogens and oth... | Honeybees are of capital importance for humans since crop production significantly depends upon pollination by these insects . In recent years , widespread collapses of honeybee colonies have been reported throughout the world; unfortunately , despite intense research efforts , the causal agents of such losses are not ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"veterinary",
"pathology",
"pathology",
"pest",
"control",
"biology",
"zoology",
"veterinary",
"science",
"parasitology",
"agriculture"
] | 2012 | Synergistic Parasite-Pathogen Interactions Mediated by Host Immunity Can Drive the Collapse of Honeybee Colonies |
Vaccines may help reduce the growing incidence of fungal infections in immune-suppressed patients . We have found that , even in the absence of CD4+ T-cell help , vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells persist and confer resistance against Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum . Type 1 cytokines contribute to that ... | Systemic fungal infections have emerged as a public health problem , especially for patients with suppressed immunity . At present , there are no vaccines against fungi , partly because it is hard to elicit strong immunity in immune suppressed patients . We have found however that residual elements of T cell immunity c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"histoplasmosis",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"immune",
"defense",
"fungal",
"diseases",
"immunizations",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mycology",
"mycosis",
"infections",
"blastomycosis",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"yea... | 2012 | Tc17 Cells Mediate Vaccine Immunity against Lethal Fungal Pneumonia in Immune Deficient Hosts Lacking CD4+ T Cells |
CgPdr1p is a Candida glabrata Zn ( 2 ) -Cys ( 6 ) transcription factor involved in the regulation of the ABC-transporter genes CgCDR1 , CgCDR2 , and CgSNQ2 , which are mediators of azole resistance . Single-point mutations in CgPDR1 are known to increase the expression of at least CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 and thus to contribu... | Candida glabrata is a yeast causing several diseases in humans and especially in immuno-compromised people . C . glabrata infections are treated with antifungal agents , however the use of some agents , for example azoles , is associated with the development of resistance . In this yeast species , azole resistance is m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2009 | Gain of Function Mutations in CgPDR1 of Candida glabrata Not Only Mediate Antifungal Resistance but Also Enhance Virulence |
Yeast that naturally exhaust their glucose source can enter a quiescent state that is characterized by reduced cell size , and high cell density , stress tolerance and longevity . The transition to quiescence involves highly asymmetric cell divisions , dramatic reprogramming of transcription and global changes in chrom... | In spite of the many differences between yeast and humans , the basic strategies that regulate the cell division cycle are fundamentally conserved . In this study , we extend these parallels to include a common strategy by which cells transition from proliferation to quiescence . The decision to divide is made in the G... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"g1",
"phase",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"regulator",
"genes",
"dna",
"replication",
"transcription",
"factors",
"gene",
"types",
... | 2016 | Msa1 and Msa2 Modulate G1-Specific Transcription to Promote G1 Arrest and the Transition to Quiescence in Budding Yeast |
Many bacteria carry two or more chromosome-like replicons . This occurs in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerea and Brucella abortis as well as in many N2-fixing plant symbionts including all isolates of the alfalfa root-nodule bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti . Understanding the evolution and role of this multipartite gen... | Rhizobia are free-living bacteria of agricultural and environmental importance that form root-nodules on leguminous plants and provide these plants with fixed nitrogen . Many of the rhizobia have a multipartite genome , as do several plant and animal pathogens . All isolates of the alfalfa symbiont , Sinorhizobium meli... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"genetics",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"soil",
"science",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"agriculture"
] | 2014 | Examination of Prokaryotic Multipartite Genome Evolution through Experimental Genome Reduction |
The broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody 2F5 recognizes an epitope in the gp41 membrane proximal external region ( MPER ) . The MPER adopts a helical conformation as free peptide , as post-fusogenic forms of gp41 , and when bound to the 4E10 monoclonal antibody ( Mab ) . However , when bound to 2F5 , the epitope is an e... | Host antibodies raised in response to acute viral infection are often protective to second exposure . However , in the less frequent examples of chronic infection , in which the virus actively replicates for prolonged periods , host immunity can impact on viral characteristics by applying selective pressures upon proge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"immune",
"response",
"immunoglobulins"
] | 2012 | Structure-guided Alterations of the gp41-directed HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody 2F5 Reveal New Properties Regarding its Neutralizing Function |
Genomic location can inform on potential function and recruitment signals for chromatin-associated proteins . High mobility group ( Hmg ) proteins are of similar size as histones with Hmga1 and Hmga2 being particularly abundant in replicating normal tissues and in cancerous cells . While several roles for Hmga proteins... | We investigated the chromosomal location of a group of highly abundant nuclear proteins . Our genome-wide results for Hmga1 and Hmga2 reveal a unique binding modality indicating preference for DNA rich in A or T bases in vivo . Importantly this preferential binding to AT-rich sequences occurs throughout the genome irre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"neuronal",
"differentiation",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"dna",
"replication",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
"research",
"and",
"an... | 2017 | Binding of high mobility group A proteins to the mammalian genome occurs as a function of AT-content |
Over 1 . 2 million people are blind from trachomatous trichiasis ( TT ) . Lid rotation surgery is the mainstay of treatment , but recurrence rates can be high . We investigated the outcomes ( recurrence rates and other complications ) of posterior lamellar tarsal rotation ( PLTR ) surgery , one of the two most widely p... | Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide . It causes trichiasis ( inturning of the eyelashes to touch the eye ) , which can cause visual loss . Trachomatous trichiasis ( TT ) affects over eight million people , 1 . 2 of whom live in Ethiopia – the most affected country worldwide . Surgery is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ophthalmology",
"medicine",
"trachoma",
"global",
"health"
] | 2013 | The Outcome of Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery in Ethiopia: Risk Factors for Recurrence |
Protein-protein interactions play an important role in all biological processes . However , the principles underlying these interactions are only beginning to be understood . Ubiquitin is a small signalling protein that is covalently attached to different proteins to mark them for degradation , regulate transport and o... | Due to their importance in biological processes , the investigation of protein-protein interactions is of great interest . Experimental structures of protein complexes provide a wealth of information but are limited to a static picture of bound proteins . Ubiquitin is a signalling protein that interacts with a wide var... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"protein",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"chemistry"
] | 2012 | Ubiquitin Dynamics in Complexes Reveal Molecular Recognition Mechanisms Beyond Induced Fit and Conformational Selection |
The Lutzomyia longipalpis complex has a wide but discontinuous distribution in Latin America , extending throughout the Neotropical realm between Mexico and northern Argentina and Uruguay . In the Americas , this sandfly is the main vector of Leishmania infantum , the parasite responsible for Visceral Leishmaniasis ( V... | The Lutzomyia longipalpis complex has a wide but discontinuous distribution in Latin America , extending throughout the Neotropical realm between Mexico and northern Argentina and Uruguay . In the Americas , this sandfly is the main vector of Leishmania infantum , the parasite responsible for Visceral Leishmaniasis ( V... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"argentina",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"population",
"biology",
"haplogroups",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"ecological",
... | 2018 | Genetic diversity, phylogeography and molecular clock of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex (Diptera: Psychodidae) |
Claudins constitute the major component of tight junctions and regulate paracellular permeability of epithelia . Claudin-10 occurs in two major isoforms that form paracellular channels with ion selectivity . We report on two families segregating an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized anhidrosis , ... | Claudins are tight junction proteins forming paracellular barriers that are critical for normal development and homeostasis . The tissue specific paracellular barrier properties are determined by the protein composition of tight junctions that regulates the permeability of solutes and water between different compartmen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"skin",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sweat",
"glands",
"integumentary",
"system",
"membrane",
"staining",
"ions",
"junctional",
"complexes",
"permeability",
"tight",
"junctions",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"materials",
"science",
"kidneys... | 2017 | Altered paracellular cation permeability due to a rare CLDN10B variant causes anhidrosis and kidney damage |
This paper addresses the problem of providing mathematical conditions that allow one to ensure that biological networks , such as transcriptional systems , can be globally entrained to external periodic inputs . Despite appearing obvious at first , this is by no means a generic property of nonlinear dynamical systems .... | The activities of living organisms are governed by complex sets of biochemical reactions . Often , entrainment to certain external signals helps control the timing and sequencing of reactions . An important open problem is to understand the onset of entrainment and under what conditions it can be ensured in the presenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology/synthetic",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Global Entrainment of Transcriptional Systems to Periodic Inputs |
Influenza viruses ( IV ) cause pneumonia in humans with progression to lung failure and fatal outcome . Dysregulated release of cytokines including type I interferons ( IFNs ) has been attributed a crucial role in immune-mediated pulmonary injury during severe IV infection . Using ex vivo and in vivo IV infection model... | Acute lung injury induced by influenza virus ( IV ) infection has been linked to an unbalanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including type I interferons ( IFN ) causing immune-mediated organ damage . Using ex vivo and in vivo IV infection models , we demonstrate that alveolar macrophage-expressed IFN-β induces... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immunopathology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunology",
"respiratory",
"medicine",
"critical",
"care",
"and",
"emergency",
"medicine",
"pulmonology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | Macrophage-expressed IFN-β Contributes to Apoptotic Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury in Severe Influenza Virus Pneumonia |
Amebic liver abscess ( ALA ) is a focal destruction of liver tissue due to infection by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica ( E . histolytica ) . Host tissue damage is attributed mainly to parasite pathogenicity factors , but massive early accumulation of mononuclear cells , including neutrophils , inflammator... | Amebic liver abscess ( ALA ) , an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is characterized by severe focal liver damages . According to its name giving activity , destruction of liver tissue by E . histolytica has been attributed to parasite-specific effector molecules . However , absc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | TNFα-Mediated Liver Destruction by Kupffer Cells and Ly6Chi Monocytes during Entamoeba histolytica Infection |
As the central hub of the metabolism machinery , the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 ( mTORC2 ) has been well studied in lymphocytes . As an obligatory component of mTORC2 , the role of Rictor in T cells is well established . However , the role of Rictor in B cells still remains elusive . Rictor is involved in ... | As the central hub of cell metabolism , the mammalian target of rapamycin complex ( mTORC ) integrates immune signals and metabolic cues for the maintenance and activation of these systems . Rictor is the core component of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 ( mTORC2 ) , and loss of this protein leads to an imm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"immune",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"... | 2017 | Rictor positively regulates B cell receptor signaling by modulating actin reorganization via ezrin |
Wolbachia is a bacteria endosymbiont that rapidly infects insect populations through a mechanism known as cytoplasmic incompatibility ( CI ) . In CI , crosses between Wolbachia-infected males and uninfected females produce severe cell cycle defects in the male pronucleus resulting in early embryonic lethality . In cont... | Wolbachia are among the most successful of all intracellular bacteria , infecting an estimated 65% of insect species . Wolbachia are also present in filarial nematodes and are the cause of African river blindness . Wolbachia's success is due in part to its ability to induce a conditional form of sterility known as cyto... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Wolbachia-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Is Associated with Impaired Histone Deposition in the Male Pronucleus |
The mechanisms underlying the selective death of substantia nigra ( SN ) neurons in Parkinson disease ( PD ) remain elusive . While inactivation of DJ-1 , an oxidative stress suppressor , causes PD , animal models lacking DJ-1 show no overt dopaminergic ( DA ) neuron degeneration in the SN . Here , we show that aging m... | The major pathological event in Parkinson disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a midbrain structure , the substantia nigra . The study of familial Parkinson disease has uncovered several disease-associated genes , including DJ-1 . Subsequent studies have suggested that the DJ-1 protein is a suppressor of oxid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration"
] | 2010 | Pro-Survival Role for Parkinson's Associated Gene DJ-1 Revealed in Trophically Impaired Dopaminergic Neurons |
The glutamic acid residues of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus and many other bacteria become amidated by an as yet unknown mechanism . In this communication we describe the identification , in the genome of S . aureus strain COL , of two co-transcribed genes , murT and gatD , which are responsible for peptid... | Genetic determinants and enzymes that catalyze the multiple steps in the assembly of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan have been known for some time . On the other hand , the mechanism by which glutamic acid residues of this structure undergo modification to glutamine has remained unknown . In this communication , we d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | Identification of Genetic Determinants and Enzymes Involved with the Amidation of Glutamic Acid Residues in the Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus |
Endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress is a feature of secretory cells and of many diseases including cancer , neurodegeneration , and diabetes . Adaptation to ER stress depends on the activation of a signal transduction pathway known as the unfolded protein response ( UPR ) . Enhanced expression of Hsp72 has been shown t... | The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is responsible for production and folding of secreted proteins . When the protein folding machinery cannot keep up with demand , misfolded proteins accumulate , leading to a state of ER stress that contributes to diseases such as cancer , neurodegeneration , diabetes , and myocardial in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2010 | HSP72 Protects Cells from ER Stress-induced Apoptosis via Enhancement of IRE1α-XBP1 Signaling through a Physical Interaction |
Although epigenetic control of stem cell fate choice is well established , little is known about epigenetic regulation of terminal neuronal differentiation . We found that some differences among the subtypes of Caenorhabditis elegans VC neurons , particularly the expression of the transcription factor gene unc-4 , requ... | As neurons differentiate they express specific genes that give them their distinctive shapes , activities , and functions . Much of this differentiation is controlled by the expression of transcription factors , proteins that turn on the expression of other genes . We find , however , that another aspect of terminal ne... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Histone Methylation Restrains the Expression of Subtype-Specific Genes during Terminal Neuronal Differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans |
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